Codifi ed provisions for estimating impact actions in contemporary codes of practices are convenient to apply but lack generality given that parameters associated with the inertia resistance of the target have not been incorporated into the provisions. This paper introduces algebraic expressions for estimating the maximum defl ection of a structural member when subject to the hard impact action of a fl ying, or fallen, impactor (or projectile). Once the defl ection value is known the equivalent static force value can accordingly be found by calibration. The proposed hand calculation model which is aimed at supporting the design and assessment of structures has been verifi ed by comparative analyses involving physical experimentations and computer simulations. Meanwhile, limitations of the proposed model have also been identifi ed.
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