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BACKGROUNDData on pituitary adenoma (PA) prevalence in Saudi Arabia are scarce.OBJECTIVETo estimate the epidemiology of PA in a well-defined populationDESIGNRetrospective analysis.SETTINGDepartments of Endocrinology and Radiology at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.PATIENTS AND METHODSRadiological and hormonal data of patients with pituitary adenoma by MRI were reviewed for the period January 2008 to December 2015.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESPrevalence of PA and hormonal abnormalities.RESULTSOf 537 patients; 249 subjects (46.4%), 70 (28.1%) males and 179 (71.9%) females, were diagnosed to have PA with mean age 36.3 (14.1) years. Microadenoma and macroadenoma were seen in 171 (69%) and 78 (31%) subjects, respectively. Microadenomas were more prevalent than macroadenomas (68.7% vs. 31.3%). Microadenomas were significantly more prevalent in females, 131 (73.2 %) vs. 40 (57.1%) whereas macroadenomas were significantly more prevalent in males, 30 (42.9%) vs. 48 (26.8%) (P<.001 for both comparisons). Patients with microadenomas were significantly younger than patients with macroadenomas (P<.0001). Advanced age was significantly associated with a larger PA size (r=0.39, P<.0002). Three types of hyperfunctioning PA were seen: prolactinoma, somatotroph adenoma, and corticotroph adenoma. Five types of hypofunctioning PA were seen: panhypopituitarism, secondary hypogonadism, growth hormone deficiency, central hypothroidism and central adrenal insufficiency. Non-functioning PA were within normal laboratory hormonal values in 2% of cases.CONCLUSIONOur study showed that the prevalence of PA was greater than previously reported. This increased prevalence may have important implications when prioritizing funding for research and treatment of PA.LIMITATIONSClustering of cases within the study region might have affected estimates and limited study sample size.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is among the most common chronic non-communicable diseases. The development of microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes increases the risk for renal and cardiovascular disease. Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted at the Primary Health Care Clinics at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 334 Saudi with type 1 diabetes were randomly selected.Results: Total of 334 patients with T2DM included in this study; 102 (30.5%) male and 232 (69.5%) female with mean age 25.8±3.4. MA was present in 99 (29.6%). MA was not significantly more prevalent in female (69.4%) with female predominance (sex ratio male: female) 1:2.3. HTN with MA was significantly more prevalent in 51(51.5%) of MA group with odd ratio 1.7 (1.2-2.4), p=0.001 with no siginificant difference between both gender. Patients with MA have significant higher HbA1c than patients with normal buminuria and there was a significant difference between gender (p<0.0001) and when compared to HbA1c groups (p=0.002). Conclusion:The frequency of microalbuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes in this study is high. It is mandatory to have adequate diagnostic, therapeutic and educational resources in addition to competent physicians who can manage microalbuminuria in diabetic patients by using a continuing, comprehensive and coordinated approach.

Background and objective: The burden of thyroid diseases in the general population and patients with Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is enormous. To estimate retrospectively the prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with MetS in Saudi community based hospital.

Background and ObjectiveThe association between diabetes and thyroid dysfunction were studied. To estimate retrospectively the frequency of hypothyroidism in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Saudi community-based hospital. DesignWe analyzed retrospectively 3760 participants whom are between the age 20 to 98 years. All patients were from the population of the Primary health centre at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All data were collected on the basis of a review of electronic medical data. Patients with TSH above the normal range of TSH for our laboratory reference (4.2 MIU/L, history of hypothyroidism and taking thyroid replacement therapy were included. Patient who are pregnant were excluded. ResultsOut of the initial screening of 6023 subjects, 3760 subjects were included. There were 861 (22.9%) male and 2899 (77.1%) were female with mean age 44.9±15.8. The mean TSH value was 4.3±8.1. Among them we found 1521 (40.7%) and 1086 (28.9%) cases with T2DM and hypothyroidism respectively. Among cases of T2DM, there were 467 (30.7%) with hypothyroidism. There were 86 (18.4%) cases were male and 381 (81.6%) were female with male to female ratio of 1 to 4.4, p<0.0001. Cases with hypothyroidism were nonsignificantly older than cases with no hypothyroidism, 55.2±12.6 vs. 54.9±13.2 respectively, p=0.6. Cases with hypothyroidism were nonsignificantly showed no differences in HbA1c than cases with no hypothyroidism, 7.9±2.3 vs. 8.1±2.1 respectively, p=0.2. Hypothyroidism was more prevalent in the sixth decade (32%), figure 1. Hypothyroidism was significantly more prevalent in females between the third to the seventh decades as compared to males. Male was no significantly more prevalent than females in the eighth and ninth decades. ConclusionWe conclude that despite the limitations of this hospital-based retrospective study, hypothyroidism is highly prevalent in cohort of Saudis with T2DM. The majority of our patients with primary hypothyroidism were predominantly females. These two observations remain to be validated by population-based studies. In the absence of registry data, larger cooperative studies involving diverse population samples from multiple centers could help to provide further information on the true frequency nationally. Based on a high prevalence of hypothyroidism among Saudi T2DM patients, routine screening for hypothyroidism is highly recommended in Saudi diabetic population.