A new catalytic hydrotreating process, the Asphaltenic Bottom Cracking (ABC) process, for heavy residual oils has been Investigated In the relation between catalysis and chemical structure. A proprietary catalyst has been developed which Is capable of hydrocracking asphaltenes Into heptane-soluble materials and decreasing the vanadium content of heavy crudes and residues at a lower hydrogen consumption than a commercial hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalyst and without change In activity In a six-month test. Various heavy feedstocks were tested in a catalytic reactor (ABC section) and a solvent deasphalting unit (SDA). Precipitated asphaltenes were recycled. Reactivities of various residues and a proposed mechanism are discussed. This ABC process will be most useful as a step preceding an existing hydrocracking process in the upgrading of residues with high asphaltenes and metals contents. In addition, the application of this technology Is described.

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A bituminous coalliquefaction process, called the NEDOL process, is under development by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). Important features of this process include the capacity to produce hydrogen-donatable solvents, obtained by hydrogenation of middle distillates of coal derived oils, and to recycle these solvents to a liquefaction stage as hydrogen donor solvents. These recycled solvents, obtained by liquefaction of Wandoan coal, and their catalytic hydrotreated oils, have been extensively characterized, using a variety of analytical methods. The following items have been examined and are discussed in this study: (1) Influence of chemical hydrogen consumption on the reactivities of hydrodesulfurization (HDS), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) and hydrogenation of aromatic-rings, during hydrotreating; (2) Changes in composition of hydrocarbon types, nitrogen-and oxygen-containing compounds, as a function of chemical hydrogen consumption; (3) Changes of average molecular weights; (4) Characteristics changes of oxygen-and nitrogen-containing compounds, and reactivities of HDO and HDN; (5) Characteristics