No abstract

Blood is a vital reservoir housing numerous disease-related metabolites and cellular components. Thus, it is also of interest for cancer diagnosis. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is widely used for molecular detection due to its very high sensitivity and multiplexing properties. Its real potential for cancer diagnosis is not yet clear. In this study, using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as substrates, a number of experimental parameters and scenarios were tested to disclose the potential for this technique for cancer diagnosis. The discrimination of serum samples from cancer patients, healthy individuals and patients with chronic diseases was successfully demonstrated with over 90% diagnostic accuracies. Moreover, the SERS spectra of the blood serum samples obtained from cancer patients before and after tumor removal were compared. It was found that the spectral pattern for serum from cancer patients evolved into the spectral pattern observed with serum from healthy individuals after the removal of tumors. The data strongly suggests that the technique has a tremendous potential for cancer detection and screening bringing the possibility of early detection onto the table.

Calorie restriction (CR) is suggested preventing development of mammary tumors (MT) however the mechanism remains to be clarified. We aimed to determine the miRNA profile in mice applied to two different CR protocols; chronic (CCR) and intermittent (ICR) and follow the MT development. In addition, the roles of miRNAs involved in adiponectin and/or leptin signaling pathways were investigated. Mice were enrolled into ad-libitum (AL), CCR, or ICR which was three-weeks AL feeding followed by one-week of 60% CR in cyclic manner. Blood and tissue collection were performed at weeks 10, 17/18, 49/50 and 81/82. Long-term CCR provided better protection compared to ICR for MT development with a delay in the MT occurrence. Adiponectin expression in mammary fat pad were significantly higher in CCR group compared to AL. Using GeneChip™ Array, 250 of 3,195 miRNAs were differentially expressed among the dietary groups. 13 of 250 miRNAs were related to adiponectin and/or leptin signaling genes. Results were verified by RT-PCR. Specifically, miR-326-3p, miR-500-3p and miR-129-5p which are adiponectin and/or leptin signaling related may play important roles in the preventive effects of CR in MT development and in ageing. Thus, these miRNAs might be putative biomarkers to target for diagnostic and treatment purposes. Novelty Bullets • Type of Calorie restriction and micro RNA interaction is related to ageing. • miR-326-3p, miR-500-3p and miR-129-5p expression levels were differentially expressed in MT development and in ageing. • The adiponectin and/or leptin signaling pathways related genes are regulated by certain miRNAs in the protective effects of CR

Calorie restriction (CR) is one of the most effective methods to prevent many diseases including cancer in preclinical models. However, the molecular mechanism of how CR prevents cancer is unclear. The aim of this study was to understand the role of oxidative stress (OS) in the preventive effects of different types of CR in aging mouse mammary tumor virus-transforming growth factor-alpha