Children who sustain brachial plexus injuries after birth face significant functional limitations due to a variety of sequelae affecting the shoulder, elbow, or forearm. These effects could be permanent or temporary. It is critical for proper joint development to maintain complete passive mobility while neurological function is being restored. Children with Erb’s palsy are more likely to have weak muscles, which can be found by ultrasonography Objective: To determine the effects of physiotherapy on strength, range and function in children with Erb’s palsy. Methods: It was a clinical trial conducted at physiotherapy department outpatient at General hospital Lahore. A sample of 46 children aged between 0-10 years, with the C5 and C6 lesion and with limited range of motion were included while children with any history of previous or recent trauma or surgery to upper limb and to the other roots of brachial plexuses was excluded. Modified Mallet scale and active movement scale was used as outcome measures. The coin toss technique of randomization was adopted, with 'Heads' assigned to strengthening exercises and 'Tails' assigned to general treatment. Independent sample test was employed to assess pre and post differences. Physiotherapy treatments included neurodevelopmental approaches to improve proprioception input, orthosis, and electrical current stimulation. Free weights, resistance bands and manual resistance were used in the strength training. The active range of motion was evaluated using goniometry, and a baseline measurement was generated using a modified mallet scale. The treatment was given every day for six months. Post-intervention measures were implemented two, four, and six months following the intervention. SPSS 25.0 was used for data analysis. Results: The finding showed that pre-interventional oxford scale muscle strength for experimental group showed the mean and standard deviation (1.434± 0.5068), control group (1.65± 0.48) while Oxford scale muscle strength post intervention showed the results with the mean and standard deviation for the experimental group 3.13±  0.54 and control group 2.65± 0.48 and showed significant p value less than 0.005. Conclusions: The study concluded that physiotherapy integrated approach improved upper limb strength, ranges and functional abilities in patients with Erb’s Palsy.

Cell phone elbow is the pinching of ulnar nerve behind the elbow resulting in tingling or numbness within the hand when using a cell phone, sleeping with your elbows bent, or holding your arms bent and by your head for long period of time. Objective: To find out the prevalence of cellphone elbow among mobile phone users and its associated impairments and functional limitations. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during October 2021 to April 2022. Data were collected from different Punjab colleges and universities: NUR International University, Riphah International University, The University of Lahore, University of Faisalabad, Niazi College of Physical Therapy and Fatima Memorial Hospital and College. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling from 17-50 years of age with positive Tinel sign test. Data collection were done by using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale and Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaires. Results: Out of 250 subjects 33.2% were having noticeable symptoms associated with prolong phone usage. Among them 39.6% experienced numbness and tingling. Hand pain is reported in 32.8% and 27.6% experienced pain on ulna side of elbow. Conclusions: The prevalence of cell phone elbow was 33.2%, higher than the previous studies. This research advice the cell phone users to minimize their mobile usage, avoid prolonged calls, use hands alternately to avoid strain on one hand, use hands-free and ear pods while taking calls