A rare case of dystocia due to dicephalus monster with kyphosis and arthrogryphosis was recorded in a 5-year old crossbred cow presented with history of full term pregnancy, signs of labor since about 48 hrs, and unsuccessful pre-handling using unskilled traction. Vaginal examination revealed the presence of a dicephalic monster fetus with one of the heads severely damaged (broken jaw and damaged eye canthi). Caesarean section was performed and a female fetus with two heads, necks fused caudally, arthrogryposis in all the limbs and kyphosis was removed.

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Several studies in dairy cattle have investigated the final outcome of different treatment regimens in follicular cyst condition. However, sequential monitoring of the response of follicular cysts to these treatments is rather scanty. In this paper, we present the response of a large follicular cyst in a pluriparous crossbred dairy cow with prolonged conception failure to human chorionic gonadotropin, hCG (3,000 IU; day 0) and cloprostenol (500 lg; day 9) treatment. Using transrectal ultrasonography (USG), reproductive tract was imaged daily beginning day 0 until day 11. The follicular cyst showed a consistent regression to a very small anechoic area on day 7 and was undetectable thereafter. Concurrently, there was development of a new dominant follicle that was first detected on day 4 and showed progressive growth to preovulatory stage. The cow was inseminated and ovulation occurred, as diagnosed by the presence of a corpus luteum (CL) 7 days later, but conception did not occur. The animal was re-inseminated after estrus detection in the estrous cycle that immediately followed. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed on 30 and 60 days post-insemination (DPI) and the cow was confirmed to be pregnant. This paper underscores the importance of diagnostic ultrasound in veterinary medicine, especially in the management of reproductive problems.