ObjectiveThe usual seminal profile has been customarily used for diagnosing male infertility based on an examination of semen samples. However, sperm DNA fragmentation has also been causally linked to reproductive failure, suggesting that it should be evaluated as part of male infertility assessments. To compare the ability of the five most widely utilized methodologies of measuring DNA fragmentation to predict male infertility and reactive oxygen species by Oxisperm kit assay.MethodsIn this case-control study, which received ethical committee approval, the participants were divided into fertile and infertile groups (50 patients in each group).ResultsThe alkaline comet test showed the best ability to predict male infertility, followed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test, and the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA), while the neutral comet test had no predictive power. For our patient population, the projected cut-off point for the DNA fragmentation index was 22.08% using the TUNEL assay, 19.90% using SCSA, 24.74% using the SCD test, 48.47% using the alkaline comet test, and 36.37% using the neutral comet test. Significant correlations were found between the results of the SCD test and those obtained using SCSA and TUNEL (r =0.70 and r =0.68, respectively; p<0.001), and a statistically significant correlation was also found between the results of SCSA and the TUNEL assay (r =0.77, p<0.001). Likewise, the results of the alkaline comet test showed significant correlations with those of the SCD, SCSA, and TUNEL tests (r =0.59, r =0.57, and r =0.72, respectively; p<0.001).ConclusionThe TUNEL assay, SCSA, SCD, and the alkaline comet test were effective for distinguishing between fertile and infertile patients, and the alkaline comet test was the best predictor of male infertility.

ObjectiveThe male reproductive system generates, accumulates, and transports the sperm. In this study, 2 methods of surgically retrieving sperm, namely, testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) and percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA), are discussed and studied in men aged ≤38 years to achieve successful conception using assisted reproductive technology. The purpose was to assess the fertilization rate (FA), clinical pregnancy, and live birth rate (LBR) with sperm.MethodsA total of 287 semen samples were divided into 4 groups as follows: fresh PESA (n=73), frozen PESA (n=65), fresh TESA (n=128), and frozen TESA (n=21). The DNA fragmentation test using sperm chromatin dispersion assay was measured and reported.ResultsFA was 70.3% and 65.5%, (P<0.022) for fresh and frozen epididymal sperm and 53.8% and 49.5%, (P<0.032) for fresh and frozen testicular sperm. LBR was 33.6% and 30.2% (P<0.075) for fresh and frozen epididymal sperm (PESA) and 22.7% and 18.2% (P<0.063) for fresh and frozen-thawed TESA sperm.ConclusionExposure to tissue shearing may adversely affect sperm quality. Increased sperm DNA damage due to long-term exposure while teasing enhances reactive oxygen species production foremost to membrane damage because of the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid in lipids (lipid peroxidation), oxidation of amino acid in proteins, and inactivation of specific enzymes, all leading to enzymatic dipping and possibility of less fertilization and conception as indicated by the increase in LBR with fresh/frozen PESA compared to with fresh/frozen TESA.

Enzyme inhibition is significant biological process to characterize the enzyme reaction, extraction of catalysis parameters in bio-industry and bioengineering. The enzyme inhibitors are low molecular weight chemical compounds. Inhibitor can modify one amino acid, or several side chain(s) required in enzyme catalytic activity. To protect enzyme catalytic site from any change, ligand binds with critical side chain in enzyme. Safely, chemical modification can be done to test inhibitor for any drug value. In the present day world they are known for culinary values due to their high-quality proteins, vitamins, fibers and many medicinal properties and accordingly they are called nutraceuticals. Overproduction of ROS can damage cellular biomolecules like nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and enzymes resulting in several diseases. The chemical nature of the bioactive compounds present in this mushroom includes: polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, proteins, peptides, glycoproteins, lectins, lipids and their derivatives. We report the presence of Statins in fruiting bodies and fermentation processes from Pleurotus ostreatus. Lovastatin extracted from the Pleurotus ostreatus showed Anti-oxidant Activity when compared with Standard Quercetin, IC50 values of 3.5?g/ml and 7.5 ?g/ml respectively, amylase Assay the percentage inhibitions of 35% and 70 % with 1 and 3 mg/ml respectively. In Membrane Stability assay, the percentage inhibitions of 47.06% and 50%. Acid Phosphatase Assay: percentage inhibitions of 82.78% and 76.11% with 2mg/ml and 4mg/ml respectively. Pleurotus possess a good antioxidant and enzyme inhibitions for Alpha Amylase, Acid Phosphatase and membrane stability studies, hence as health promoter and environmental restorer is gaining more importance.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(3): 408-416

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