OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of enoxaparin sodium (ES) on experimentally-induced myringosclerosis in rats. MATERIALS and METHODS:Twenty Wistar albino-type rats weighing up to 250-300 g each were randomized into four groups containing five rats each and were then bilaterally myringotomized. The control group (n=5) received intratympanic serum physiologic injections, whereas ES2 (n=5), ES4 (n=5), and ES6 groups (n=5) received intratympanic ES of 2000 IU, 4000 IU, and 6000 IU, respectively, for 10 days after myringotomy. Rats were sacrificed at 60 days after intratympanic application and were then prepared for histopathologic evaluation. RESULTS:As for tympanic membrane hyaline degeneration, there were statistically significant differences among the control, ES2, ES4, and ES6 groups (p<0.05). As for fibrosis formation on tympanic membranes, a statistically significant difference was observed among the control and study groups; however, although not statistically significant, the formation of fibrosis was slowed down in the ES2 and ES4 groups compared with the control group. The control and study groups did not show any significant difference for calcification, hyperemia, and tympanic membrane thickening (p>0.05). CONCLUSION:Although our study and control groups comprised limited number of animals, and only one parameter demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the groups, ES may have an ameliorating effect on myringosclerosis induced by myringotomy in the tympanic membranes of rats. ES proved to be effective in the prevention of hyaline disc formation. Further studies should be conducted for better understanding of the effects of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) (i.e., enoxaparin) on myringosclerosis.