Effect of new innovative restorative carbomised glass cement on intrapulpal temperature rise: an ex-vivo study Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the temperature changes that occurred in the pulp chamber when using GCP Glass Carbomer Fill (GCP) and two different resin-modified glass-ionomer (RGI) restorative materials at different dentin thicknesses. A standardized Class I occlusal cavity with 1 mm or 2 mm dentin thickness was prepared in the extracted human molar teeth. RGI and GCP fills were placed in the cavities and cured with two different light-curing units. This study included a total of 120 samples, with 20 samples in each group. The pulp microcirculation method was used for measuring the intrapulpal temperature changes. Statistical analysis was performed using the two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD multiple comparison tests. Statistically significant differences were observed between 1 mm and 2 mm dentin thicknesses (p < 0.001). The GCP groups (both 1 mm and 2 mm dentin thicknesses) exhibited higher temperatures than the other groups (p < 0.001), and Fuji II LC and Photac Fil Quick Aplicap showed similar values (p > 0.05). The highest temperature changes were observed with 1 mm dentin thickness. While RGI materials in both dentin thicknesses did not cause temperature changes that were harmful to the pulp, GCP CarboLED LCU caused the highest intrapulpal temperature rise, and these values were borderline harmful to the dental pulp.

The erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser may be effective the bond strength of adhesive systems on dentine surfaces, the chemical composition and aggressiveness of adhesive systems in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Er:YAG laser system with the bonding ability of two different self-etching adhesives to caries-affected dentine in primary molars. Ninety mid-coronal flat dentine surfaces obtained from sound and caries-affected human primary dentine were treated with an Er:YAG laser or a bur. The prepared surfaces were restored with an adhesive system (Xeno V; Clearfil S³) and a compomer (Dyract Extra). The restored teeth were sectioned with a low-speed saw and 162 samples were obtained. The bond strength of the adhesive systems was tested using the micro-tensile test method. The data were statistically analyzed. A restored tooth in each group was processed for scanning electron microscopy evaluation. The values of the highest bond strength were obtained from the Clearfil S³-Er:YAG laser-sound dentine group in all groups. (24.57 ± 7.27 MPa) (P > 0.05). The values of the lowest bond strength were obtained from the Xeno V-Er:YAG laser-sound dentine group in all groups (11.01 ± 3.89 MPa). It was determined that the Clearfil S³ increased the bond strength on the surface applied with Er:YAG laser according to the Xeno V.

Self-etching adhesives with different pH and solvent types can be used successfully for permanent teeth dentin but adhesives with low pH did not provide greater shear bond strength values.

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