Vermicomposting of organic waste can play an important role in integrated waste management strategies. Ability of the earthworm Eisenia foetida to transform anaerobically digested sewage sludge (SS) amended with hazelnut husk (HH) and cow manure (CM) HH þ 25% CM) was studied in a greenhouse experiment in terms of the effects of vermicompost on wheat (Triticum aestium) yield and nutrient content in soil and plant. All vermicomposted and non-vermicomposted mixtures exhibited positive effect on the yield and nutrient concentrations of wheat compared to the control pots. The vermicomposted organic waste mixtures showed comparatively better effect on plant production than the non-vermicomposted organic waste mixtures. Vermicomposted 50% SS þ 25% HH þ 25% CM mixtures showed the highest positive effect on yield compared to the other treatments.

The main objective of this study was to determine changes in microbial response in natural soil aggregates for soil characterization in different fluvial land shapes. This study was carried out in fluvial lands formed on accumulated sediment depositions carried by Kızılırmak River. The majority soils of the study area were classified as Typic Ustifluvent and Typic Haplustept in Soil Taxonomy. It was found that macroaggregates (especially >6300 μm and 2000-4750 μm diameters) of all soil samples were higher than microaggregate of soils. In addition, it was determined that the C org content varies between 0.41-0.91% in soil samples. C mic content was also found higher level in aggregates involved <250 and 250-425 μm diameters as compared to other aggregate size classes. Moreover, we detected that C org :C mic ratio was much higher in macroaggregates than in microaggregate fractions. BR levels were also greater in macroaggregates of >6,300, 4,750-6,300 and 2,000-4,750 μm than in the other macroaggregates sizes and microaggregates. Consequently, macroaggregates have relatively more C org level than the C org level in microaggregates, even if the absolute values of C mic were the lower. This study thus evidenced contrasting microbial habitats and their response in different soil aggregate size formed in various developed soils.

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The Mediterranean region is characterized by hot and humid summers and, humid and cool winters. Small ruminants (sheep and goats) play a significant economic, social and environmental role providing income and ensuring food for local population. Despite their critical importance, small ruminant's production is threatened by several factor notably climatic, nutritional, healthy and breeding systems. To ensure a sustainability of goat and sheep production, these last decades, several studies have been achieved in order to improve livestock feeding and breeding systems and animal health protection. However, sheep and goat sectors show an important delay. In order to increase the profitability and ensure sustainability of small ruminant production, innovative political, specific managerial strategies and practices have to develop.