Hashimoto's thyroiditis is known as thyroid dysfunction and is one of the most common endocrine diseases worldwide. This study seeks to investigate thyroid dysfunction in the male reproductive system. Normal thyroid function is crucial for male reproduction. Semen quality parameters are among the most critical factors affecting male fertility. The main aim of this research was to investigate the effect of thyroid dysfunction on semen quality parameters such as sperm motility, number, and morphology. This cross-sectional retrospective case-control study was conducted between December 2021 and May 2022 in Bahcesehir University Göztepe Medicalpark Hospital Invitro Fertilization center. Patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n=52) were included in the study as the case group. The control group was selected from age and body mass index (BMI)-matched patients who underwent semen analysis (n=57). The participants' age and BMI were 30.90±4.45 and 24.49±1.46, respectively. When we evaluated semen analysis results, we found the number of sperms (p<0.001), motility (p<0.01), and morphology (p<0.001) were significantly better in the controls than in the patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and oligoasthenozoospermia as sperm abnormalities were observed in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Hashimoto's thyroiditis has a negative effect on semen quality parameters such as sperm motility, number, and morphology. Evaluation of infertile men is recommended in terms of thyroid dysfunction.

In this study, we compared the effects of sperm parameters and sperm DNA damage on pregnancy outcomes of women undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI) because of an ovulatory dysfunction (OD) and unexplained infertility (UEI). This study was retrospective, and semen samples were collected from records of 88 infertile couples referred to private clinic for infertility treatment from December 2019 to March 2020. The study has two groups: Groups 1: couples with UEI, and Group 2: fertile males with their partners having OD. The participants' age and body mass index (BMI) were 28.20 ± 3.08 and 25.45±2.25, respectively. In the control group, the pregnancy rate was 9/41 (%21.9), and one out of nine patients had a miscarriage. The pregnancy rate in the study group (UEI) was 8/47 (17%), and half of the pregnancies ended as miscarriage. Our results showed that sperm DNA damage increases the abortion rate but has not influenced the pregnancy rate in IUI.

Objective: To compare the perinatal and maternal results of intrahepatic cholestasis (ICP) in fresh and frozen-thawed embryo transfer (ET) pregnancies. Material and Method: This research was performed retrospectively, including fourty-five pregnant women applied to our hospital between October 2010 and January 2021. Two groups have been determined, group:1 (Frozen thawed; n:21) and group:2 (Fresh; n:24). Common pruritus in the body and high fasting bile acids (FBA) levels (greater than 10 mmol/L) were accepted as diagnostic criteria. The exclusion criteria were spontaneous pregnancies, multiple pregnancies, chronic liver disease history. SPSS, version 26 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Statistically significant difference could not be associated between the two groups regarding age, maternal body mass index (BMI), smoking status, number of trials, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), types of infertility and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) incidence (p-value >0.05). The way of birth, gender, congenital anomaly, need for meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), weight of newborn at birth, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), gestational age at birth and 5 min Apgar score also compared and significantly difference could not be associated between two groups (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion: This study supports the fact that frozen-thawed and fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies in terms of maternal characteristics and perinatal results have no difference.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the most suitable endometrial preparation protocols such as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRH-a) suppression, HRT without GnRH-a suppression and mild ovarian stimulation (OS) for women with  polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET).Material and Method: We conducted a historical cohort analysis of 161 women with PCOS who underwent the “freeze-all” strategy between December 2018 and August 2020 because of their high risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Three endometrial preparation protocols were used: HRT with GnRH-a suppression (n=43); HRT without GnRH-a suppression (n=86); mild-OS (n=32).Results: The biochemical pregnancy results (55.8 % vs 54.65 % vs 53, p=0.900), ongoing pregnancy rates (44.2 % vs 43 % vs 40.62, p=0.572), and abort rates (20.8 % vs 21.3 % vs 23.52, p=0.900) were similar between the HRT with GnRH-a suppression, without GnRH-a suppression and mild-OS, respectively. This study showed no statistically significant difference between the three protocols in laboratory parameters (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: There was no statistically difference between three groups in terms of pregnancy outcomes. Dependent on clinical experience and facility, one of these protocols could be deployed for FET in women with PCOS.

This research aimed to show the role of the number of transferred embryos on pregnancy outcomes of the oocyte donation cycles (ODC). This retrospective cohort study included 122 ODCs performed at a private in vitro fertilization (IVF) center between 2020 June - 2021 January. Cases with severe male infertility, tuboperitoneal, and endometrial factors were not included in the study. The median (interquartile range) recipient age was 43 (30–54) years. ODC results revealed that 10.7% of the cases were negative, 4.9% were biochemical pregnancies, and 84.4% were clinical pregnancies. Pregnancy outcomes were checked; miscarriage, preterm, and term delivery rates were 5.7%, 3.9%, and 90.4%, respectively. The rate of recipients for the younger than 40 years was 32%, between the 40–44 years was 27%, and between 45–54 years was 41% respectively. Statistically significant difference was not observed between age groups in terms of endometrial thickness (p = 0.059), number of transferred embryos (p = 0.857), number of ODC attempt (p = 0.666), live birth rate (p = 0.1), and other pregnancy outcomes (p > 0.05, for all). A total of 96 (78.7%) embryo transfers (ET) resulted in a live birth. In 8.2% (n=10) of cases, single embryo transfer (SET) and in 91.8% (n=112) of cases, double embryo transfer (DET) was performed. The number of embryos transferred was statistically significantly higher among cases that resulted in live births compared to cases without live births (p = 0.002). Significant difference was not found in terms of the recipient age (p = 0.392), male age (p = 0.108), endometrial thickness (p = 0.478), and the number of attempt (p = 0.777) between cases resulted in live birth or not. The only parameter that affects the live birth rates in ODC is the number of transferred embryos.