In this study, inclination angle of the femoral head and neck was measured on 484 limbs of 242 dogs belonging to 7 breeds, examined for hip dysplasia. These inclination angles were compared according to age, sex and joint laxity, evaluated with Subluxation Index (SI) and Norberg angle (NA) results. The findings indicate that (a) there was a minimal (nonsignificant) difference in femoral inclination angle between the dysplastic and nondysplastic dogs belonging to 7 breeds; (b) although there was no significant difference in femoral inclination angle between the nondysplastic dogs belonging to 4 breeds (Pointer, Irish Setter, Golden Retriever and German Shepherd), a significant difference was observed between Doberman and Labrador, and between Anatolian Karabash and the other six breeds (p < 0.001). Age and sex did not affect the femoral neck angle.

ABSTRACT. An eighteen month old female Doberman pinscher dog was referred to teaching hospital of Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine with the complaint of right forelimb lameness for a month. On the basis of clinical, radiographical, scintigraphical, computed tomographical and histopathological findings, aneurysmal bone cyst was diagnosed. Surgical curettage and bone cement treatment were applied. The patient recovered after 12 months. This case proves that aneurysmal bone cyst, without osteolysis and/or damages to the surrounding tissues, may result in a good prognosis if curettage and treatment with bone cement are done. KEY WORDS: aneurysmal bone cyst, bone cement, canine.

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The aim of this study was to determine the normal ranges of proximal femoral and acetabular parameters in 26 adult healthy Sivas Kangal dogs (SKDs). Significant differences were observed between the sexes in hip axis length (HAL) of 8.03 ± 0.82 cm and 7.47 ± 0.40 cm, femoral neck axis length-a (FNALa) of 6.40 ± 0.55 cm and 6.09 ± 0.27 cm, FNALb of 5.09 ± 0.47 cm and 4.78 ± 0.31 cm, acetabular width (AW) of 1.62 ± 0.35 cm and 1.37 ± 0.24 cm, femoral shaft diameter (FSD) of 3.11 ± 0.31 cm and 2.88 ± 0.21 cm, and acetabular angle (ACM) of 44.04 ± 3.32° and 42.16 ± 2.94° in males and females, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the sexes in femoral shaft cortex width, femoral head diameter, femoral neck diameter, head-neck index, trochanteric width, femoral inclination angle, external acetabular angle, and acetabulum-head index. Males had longer HAL (P < 0.01), FNALa and FNALb (P < 0.05), and AW (P < 0.01) and thicker FSD (P < 0.01) and wider ACM (P < 0.05) than bitches. In this study, normal ranges in healthy SKDs of proximal femoral and acetabular parameters related to certain hip joint pathologies in humans were presented.

THE prepuce is embryologically derived from the ectoderm; a layer of epithelium is trapped between the urogenital folds and the glans of the penis. This epithelial lamina eventually splits, and the folds are transformed into flaps of skin covering the glans, and the preputial orifice is formed by the edges of the flaps (Latshaw 1987).In adult dogs, the prepuce is fairly well separated from the abdominal wall; the cranial part is free and forms a complete cylindrical fold which tapers towards the preputial orifice (Evans and Christensen 1979, Nickel andSchummer 1979). Congenital preputial stenosis leading to phimosis, or entrapment of the penis inside the prepuce has been reported in both dogs (Elam and Randle 1952, Dominguez and others 1996), and cats (Elkins 1983). It may vary from complete occlusion of the preputial orifice, resulting in obstruction of the urine-outflow and early death, to asymptomatic narrowing of the urethral orifice preventing protrusion of the penis. This condition has been reported in the German shepherd, labrador retriever, golden retriever, mixed breed dogs, and domestic shorthair cats (Ettinger 1989).A three-and-a-half-month-old mixed breed dog was presented for investigation of a urinary tract problem characterised by pooling and dribbling of urine from the preputial orifice since birth. Clinical examination revealed that the prepuce was hypoplastic and not separated from the abdominal wall. A normal preputial orifice and the usual tuft of hair were not observed. The preputial orifice was essentially absent, except for a pinpoint opening (0-8 mm diameter) (Fig 1). Palpation revealed a tense fluctuating cylinder extending the length of the prepuce and manual expression of the bladder and preputial sac produced a small drop of urine from the preputial orifice. The scrotum and testes were normal.A urine sample was obtained by cystocentesis. Urinanalysis, serum chemistry profile and haemogram were normal.Before surgery, a radiological examination was performed. The dog was anaesthetised with a combination of 2 mg/kg xylazine-HCI (Rompun; Bayer) and 10 mg/kg ketamine HCl (Ketalar; Eczacibasi) intramuscularly. Plain ventrodorsal and lateral abdominal radiographs were taken. The area was then shaved and prepared aseptically and 10 ml water soluble iodine contrast medium (Urografin [sodium diatrizoate 100 mg/ml, meglumine diatrizoate 660 mg/ml]; Schering) was injected into the preputium via a 1-0 x 130 mm cat catheter which was introduced into the prepuce.Ventrodorsal and lateral abdominal radiographs were taken and the plain and contrast radiographs were compared. The radiographs revealed that the preputial sac and penis were of normal size and structure but localized under the skin of the abdominal wall (Fig 2).After the radiological examination, surgery was performed. The dog was placed in dorsal recumbency and a triangular incision was made at the point of the preputial opening. The incised skin was removed and continued to the preputial sac, allowing the penis to be exteriorised. The ski...