Background: Neonatal jaundice is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in newborn babies and account for up to 60% cases in term and 80% in preterm babies. Studies from different geographical areas should be done to know the causes of hyperbirubinemia properly so that a collective effort can be made to decrease the burden mortality and morbidity associated with it Objectives:To study the incidence and causes of neonatal jaundice in babies admitted in the hospital Methods: It was a hospital based observational study conducted in one of the busiest hospitals of Jorhat over a period of 12 months. Incidence and causes of neonatal jaundice in the babies born in the hospital during the study period were studied. Results: 710 newborns delivered during the study period out of which 439 (61.8%) newborns developed clinical jaundice. 290 (66%) newborns had physiological jaundice and the rest 149 (34%) developed pathological jaundice. Among the 149 babies developing pathological jaundice 87(58.3%) were males and 62(41.6%) were females. Most common cause was ABO incompability(31%) of cases, second was breast feeding jaundice (28%) , third was prematurity (12%) .Other causes were cephalohematoma(1.3%), Rh incompatibility(3.3%) , G6PD deciency(8%), sepsis(4.7%) and in 11.4% babies no denite cause was found. Conclusion: Adequate feeding, preventing premature deliveries, good monitoring of babies with ABO incompability, prematurity, Rh incompability, G6PD deciency can decrease the mortality and morbidity associated with neonatal jaundice.

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Background: Urinary tract infection(UTI) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in children, especially complicated UTI. In this study we have tried to see the correlation of Ultrasound abdomen ndings with age of the culture positive UTI patients. Objectives: to look at the age and sex distribution of patients with culture positive UTI and to look for the correlation of ultrasound abdomen ndings with the age of culture positive UTI patients Methods: It was a hospital based observational study conducted in one of the busiest hospitals of Jorhat over a period of 12 months. Urine culture reports of all patients were traced from the hospital laboratory data. Ultrasound abdomen was done in patients with positive urine culture report . Results: Total 206 urine samples were tested from suspected cases out of which 43(21%) were culture positive urinary tract infection. UTI was more in girls as compared to boys. The male : female ratio was found to be 3:1 in children less than 2 years and in children more than 2 years female outnumbered males(1:2 , 2:3 and 1:6 in children between the age group of 2 to 5 years, 6-9years and 10 to 14 years respectively). Cystitis(p=0.22) and hydronephrosis(0.27) had no signicant correlation with the age of the UTI patients whereas Pyelonephritis(p=0.03) had signicant correlation with age of UTI patients. All the patients who had pyelonephritis were less than 5 years of age. Conclusion: UTI is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in children and younger children are more prone to complications. So a collective effort should be made to diagnose such patients earlier and treat them adequately with judicious use of antibiotics.

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