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The study's two primary goals are to determine the main travel motives of Malaysian backpackers and to examine the variations in travel motivations across three categories of backpackers: first-time, repeat, and serial. The results were collected using a self-administered online survey adopting a convenience sample technique. The non-normally distributed data were examined using exploratory factor analysis, median score assessment, and Kruskal-Wallis H tests on a sample of 249. Stimulation is the most crucial factor motivating backpackers, while recognition is the least important. The study also found that backpackers' motivation varied with travel experience. Due to limited research on Asian motivational travel determinants, notably among Malaysian backpackers, this study's motivational features are drawn from other countries. Future research should focus on non-Western motivators impacting backpackers. There is a need for more research on Asian tourism, notably Malaysian backpackers at various stages of their travel careers.

Głównymi celami niniejszej pracy są ocena aktualnego stanu ekoturystyki w regionie Jeziora Aralskiego w Uzbekistanie oraz zaproponowanie strategii jej zrównoważonego rozwoju. Aby zidentyfikować wymagane strategie zarządzania, przeprowadzono analizę zagrożeń, szans oraz słabych i mocnych stron (TOWS). Zamierzeniem autorów artykułu było również dokonanie przeglądu literatury, w której opisano promocję ekoturystyki w regionie Jeziora Aralskiego. Wyniki analizy TOWS pokazują, że aby możliwy był zrównoważony rozwój branży ekoturystycznej w Uzbekistanie, pomoc państwa w czasie pandemii powinna być strategicznie skoordynowana.

Evaluating the current ecotourism situation in the Aral Sea region of Uzbekistan and offering strategies for its sustainable development are the main objectives of the study. The threats, opportunities, weaknesses and strengths (TOWS) analysis was applied to identify the required management strategies. The article aims to review the literature on ecotourism promotion in the Aral Sea region. Based on TOWS, the results show that state support during the pandemic should be strategically coordinated to secure the sustainability of the ecotourism industry in Uzbekistan.

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