Asynchronous Power Saving (APS) technique is one of the unique standard used in Mobile Ad hocNetworks to conserve more energy in the system. This technique when combined with other power saving systems like Ultra WideBand System and the use of Directional antenna in MANETs provides astonishing result. In designing Medium Access Control (MAC), developing a framework and giving a detailed implementation procedure are among the factors that hinder the process; specifically in MANETs not to mention the Algorithm. This paper aimed at exploring a standard framework, implementation procedure and Algorithm for designing an Asynchronous Power Saving Ultra WideBandMeduim Access Control (UWB-MAC) in MANETs using directional antenna. An implementation procedure that comprises of transmission, channelization, and receiver pattern of the Physical layer is specified in this research work. The paper concludes with an algorithm for an Asynchronous Power Saving UWB-MAC using a Steerable Directional antenna in MANETs.

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) routing protocols studies in the last decade have focused more on proactive routing protocols with many specifics to data traffic. Only fewer works have addressed the issues of reactive protocols supporting voice application. This research work analyses the performance of VoIP application in MANET configured with Temporary Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) routing protocol as on-demand routing protocol. The VoIP application is evaluated using four different parameters namely; codec, MAC protocol, mobility and node density in an OPNET simulation environment. The quality of transmission was measured through different performance metrics such as jitter, Mean Opinion Score (MOS), end-to-end delay and throughput. Results show that major metrics that had high impact on the performance of the network included mobility and node density. It research proved that communication in an ad hoc network using TORA is more productive and effective with fewer nodes. It could also be said that given the utilization of TORA routing protocol in MANET, quality of voice communication is disproportionate to node density. Increase in the number of nodes greatly depreciates voice quality. In the whole, the work provides a very good analysis that could help the academia and industries in reaching decisions for a most suiting routing protocol at any given ad hoc voice communication setup.

Energy efficiency is a key factor that determines the lifetime of a MANET, and antennas play a vital role in achieving the successful transmission of information. Because nodes in a MANET are normally battery powered, antenna and transmission efficiency is paramount when transmitting information from a node to another. Historically, it has been shown that the use of directional antennas in wireless networks can conserve energy due to the skewed transmission towards a specific direction, and also help to resolve issues of interference from nodes in other directions. However, several concepts and algorithms have emerged that attempt to overcome the irregularities encountered in the use of directional antennas; especially from the design and implementation perspective. This work clearly demonstrates a vivid definition of an UWB MAC protocol for MANETs, and its behaviour when running different applications. It brings to light the valued significance in the implementation of an UWB MAC in a MANET and overcomes the main issues listed in a summary of existing work. The key aim of this research is to design an improved MAC protocol for UWB systems, in order to minimise power consumption in a MANET. Using a simulated environment modelled on the IEEE 802.15.3 standard, key system design parameters for UWB MAC were identified and tested using directional antennas. As a result of this work, a proof of concept improvement via the modification of an existing MAC protocol based on the Ultra WideBand Concept for Ad Hoc Networks (UCAN) using directional antenna techniques is presented. The final results of the analysis clearly show that the proposed UWB MAC performs better when compared to existing MAC protocols.