Objective COVID19 outbreak has put a tremendous physical and mental burden on frontline doctors. A limited amount of literature is available in this area. The present study was done to assess the depressive symptoms and depression levels in doctors working at COVID-19 Hospitals. Method This study was based on an online survey that was started on May 2020 and ended on 30 th June, 2020. An online questionnaire which included details such as age, gender, and 21 items to assess depressive symptoms was sent through social media to doctors from various countries. Depressive symptoms were measured by Beck’s Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Items of a total of 220 questionnaires were responded. Out of these, only 200 responses were analyzed using SPSS software. Results Out of 200 subjects, 110 (55%) had depressive symptoms and 90 (45%) had no symptoms. Males had more depressive symptoms (42.5%) than females (12.5%). Those who worked at COVID-19 centers 75 (37.5%) had higher depressive symptoms. The number of males working at COVID-19 centers was much higher (36%) than females (12%). Depressive symptoms were significantly higher in males than females (35.35±10.25 vs 16.90±7.76; p<0.0001). Conclusion Doctors, especially males working at COVID-19 centers have higher depressive symptoms than their female colleagues. Multicentric studies with larger sample sizes are needed to study the impact of COVID-19 on frontline doctors.

Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1 DM) ranks third in terms of chronic childhood disorders and has the ability to cause both acute and chronic complications as well as events that can put patient's life at risk 1 . T1 DM at

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a form of autonomic imbalance characterized by abnormally increased heart rate (HR) and various symptoms of orthostatic intolerance (OI). This study aimed to determine POTS in adolescents using NASA 10-minute Lean Test. This crosssectional study was conducted at Government Medical College, Srinagar, J&K, India, between October 2017 and November 2019. Adolescents with symptoms of OI were enrolled for this study and NASA 10-minute Lean Test was performed. Characteristics of POTS group were the compared with non-POTS group. There was a significant difference in BMI (P< 0.0001) between POTS and non-POTS group. However, the number of females with features of POTS was greater than males. There was a significant difference in resting HR between the two groups (P<0.0001). During upright posture there was a significant difference in maximum upright HR between the two groups (P<0.0001), highest increment in upright HR also differed significantly (P<0.0001).POTS group had significantly higher HR than non-POTS group. It may be inferred from this preliminary study that NASA 10-minute Lean Test can be used to diagnose POTS.

Objectives: In our preliminary study, we assessed heart rate recovery (HRR) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and controls by subjecting them to moderate exercise and estimating androgen levels, and examined the correlation between HRR and androgen levels. Methods: 30 newly diagnosed cases of PCOS and 30 controls with comparable anthropometric measurements performed isotonic moderate exercise. Serum testosterone and DHEAS levels were measured. The HRR was calculated as the difference between the maximum heart rate and the 1st, 5th and 10th minute after the end of the exercise. Results: Heart rate recovery at 1 minute (p=0.001) and 5 minutes, (p=0.002) was significantly impaired in PCOS patients. Testosterone (p=0.100) and DHEAS (p=0.061) were elevated in PCOS patients compared to normal controls, although this was not statistically significant. A positive correlation was observed between HRR and androgen levels (testosterone: r=0.318; p=0.08, DHEAS: r=0.064; p=0.07). Conclusion: Decreased cardiovascular fitness and increased androgen levels have been observed in PCOS patients. Impaired HRR, reflecting sympathetic overactivity, has also been observed in newly diagnosed cases of PCOS. We therefore suggest that HRR is an accurate and sensitive marker to detect early signs of cardiovascular impairment and enables timely measures to avoid further morbidity.

Objectives: Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs) are infections caused by potential pathogens which are transmitted to the blood recipients through blood transfusion. This study was primarily carried out to detect sero-positivity of the markers of Hepatitis-B virus (HBV), Hepatitis-C virus (HCV), Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Syphilis in the blood donors at a tertiary care hospital in Srinagar, J&K, India over a of 4 years.Material and Methods: Blood donations over 4 years from Jan.2015 to Dec. 2018 were reviewed retrospectively from the records of blood bank for seropositivity for HBV, HCV, HIV and Syphilis.Results: A total of 31733 blood units were collected out of which 24494 (77.19%) were replacement and 7239 (22.81%) were voluntary. The seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV and Syphilis was 0.22% (72), 0.16% (52), 0.009% (3) and 0.01% (5) respectively. A decreasing trend of all the major TTIs was observed over these years. Prevalence of all the four TTIs was observed highest in replacement donors as compared to voluntary donors. Conclusion:Seroprevalence of all the TTIs was low as compared to the studies from rest of the country. Extensive donor selection and screening procedures will help in improving blood safety more. Efforts should be made to maximise voluntary donations and minimise replacement donations.