BackgroundThe burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cancer, in Africa is rising. Policymakers are charged with formulating evidence-based cancer control plans; however, there is a paucity of data on cancers generated from within Africa. As part of efforts to enhance cancer research training in East Africa, we performed a needs assessment and gap analysis of cancer-related research training resources in Tanzania. MethodsA mixed-methods study to evaluate existing individual, institutional, and national resources supporting cancer research training in Tanzania was conducted. Qualitative data were collected using in-depth interviews while quantitative data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and online surveys. The study also included a desk-review of policy and guidelines related to NCD research and training. Study participants were selected to represent five groups: (i) policymakers; (ii) established researchers; (iii) research support personnel; (iv) faculty members in degree training programs; and (v) post-graduate trainees. ResultsOur results identified challenges in four thematic areas. First, there is a need for coordination and monitoring of the cancer research agenda at the national level. Second, both faculty and trainees identified the need for incorporation of rigorous training to improve research competencies. Third, sustained mentoring and institutional investment in development of mentorship resources is critical to empowering early career investigators. Finally, academic institutions can enhance research outputs by providing adequate research infrastructure, prioritizing protected time for research, and recognizing research accomplishments by trainees and faculty. ConclusionsAs we look towards establishment of cancer research training programs in East Africa, investment in the development of rigorous research training, mentorship resources, and research infrastructure will be critical to empowering local health professionals to engage in cancer research activities.Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose increasing challenges to health systems throughout sub-Saharan Africa. It is projected that by 2030, 1.27 million new cancer cases and 0.97 million cancer-related deaths per year will occur in Africa. 1 Most governments have declared NCDs, including cancer, to be among the major public health concerns that threaten economic development. 2,3 In order to confront this mounting crisis, the World Health Organiza-tion (WHO) recommends the development of national cancer control plans that are systematic, equitable, and evidence-based. 4 Although national policymakers are charged with formulating evidence-based cancer control plans, there is a paucity of data on the epidemiology, etiology, biology, and management of cancers from within Africa. Instead, many national cancer control plans are formulated based on data from high-income countries, which may not Nyagabona SK, Mushi BP, Selekwa M, et al. A mixed methods needs assessment and gap analysis for establishment of a cancer r...