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This paper focused on analysis of emergence of criminal groups in Dar es Salaam city and Zanzibar town. Data collection was based on in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Content analysis was used in analysis of data collected from the study. The study findings revealed that youths are vulnerable and susceptible to criminal activities due to corruption, fake promises from politicians, education systems, laxity of parental or guardians’ care and inspiration of children to live luxurious life. In addition, the study recommended to take proper moves that police operation and other government authorities undertake on use of force that cannot end such societal challenges. Instead, the government should provide education system, which is skilled oriented to enable young people to employ themselves. In addition, more efforts are needed to fight corruption from low level to high level of government system.

This study investigated on involvement of Shehia Leadership on Crime Prevention in an Urban District of Zanzibar. The study employed the quantitative approach where data was collected from 83 respondents out of the study population of 223,033 at different levels in the Urban District at Unguja Island. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data and descriptive statistics was applied to come up with the results’ mean scores with the assistance of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The study established that Shehia leadership effectiveness was limited to assisting the marginalized and disadvantaged groups to get their rights, solving social challenges and preparing bylaws to be used on criminal prevention. Leaders did not take care to involve such government officers as teachers, social workers, doctors and police officers to join in various issues associated with crime prevention. The study recommended that Shehia leadership should go beyond assisting the marginalized and disadvantaged groups to get their rights, solving social challenges and preparing bylaws to be used on criminal prevention. Leaders should involve such government officers as teachers, social workers, doctors and police officers in dealing with various issues associated with crime prevention since such stakeholders have very important roles to perform toward crime prevention when involved.

This study sought to establish the neighborhood watch as a strategy of community policing program in Zanzibar, Tanzania. It is a descriptive study design which used quantitative approach to collect information from 400 respondents out of 1, 303, 569 study population. Simple random sampling and stratified sampling techniques were applied to select respondents. A structured questionnaire was conducted to gather required information from respondents. Statistical Package for Social sciences (SPSS) version 1.20 was used to analyze data where the following mean scores interpretation scale was used: 3.50-4.00= strongly sympathetic, 2.50-3.49 = sympathetic, 1.50-2.49= unsympathetic and 1.00-1.49 strongly unsympathetic. After analysis the study concluded that neighborhood watch as crime prevention was not accepted by the study area community. Due to such desirable results, it is recommended that it is an essential for police to introduce effective communication with community. Police officers have to impact proper neighborhood knowledge that make individual community members understand their role in the implementation of neighborhood watch program.

The study sought to establish strategies used for crime prevention in Urban District, Zanzibar using the descriptive study design. Data was collected from 83 respondents using a questionnaire. Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics. The study concludes that the Urban District utilized improvement of information literacy level to community members, placement of central camera televisions at frequently visited areas, supporting community patrol officers with amounts of money to buy patrol equipment, private security guards for crime prevention and provision of certificates to recognize community members’ participation as crime prevention strategies. However, the study area did not use cleaning, festivals and sports, volunteering to patrol at crime spot area and mobile telephones for members to guard each other as crime prevention strategies. It is therefore recommended that the study area should make use of such strategies as conducting cleaning, festivals and sports, volunteering to patrol at crime spot area and mobile telephones for guarding each other to supplement the currently used strategies so as to strengthen the security in the study area.