Contrast-induced encephalopathy (CIE) is a rare complication of angiography. Presently reported is the case of a patient diagnosed with CIE following peripheral angioplasty with the non-ionic contrast agent, iohexol. A 66-year-old male patient described intermittent claudication and peripheral arterial disease was suspected. Lower extremity angiography was performed, and following dilation of a 7.0x150-mm balloon, a 9.0x57-mm stent was placed in the lesioned vessel. The patient subsequently developed confusion and cortical blindness, and a seizure occurred 1 hour after the procedure. An emergency cerebral computed tomography scan did not reveal any signs of intracerebral hemorrhage. The neurological symptoms disappeared within 24 hours after hydration and sedative medication. CIE was diagnosed based on the patient`s clinical course findings and cerebral imaging.

A 24-year-old man was admitted to our outpatient clinic for his routine checkup of consecutively percutaneously treated atrial septal defect (ASD) and pulmonary valvular stenosis 45 days ago. A 24 mm ASD occluder device was implanted under transthoracic echocardiographic guidance and 80 mm Hg peak-to-peak pulmonary valvular gradient decreased to 20 mm Hg gradient after pulmonary valve dilatation with 23 mm NUMED II transluminal valvuloplasty catheter balloon. Atrial septal defect (ASD) closure is now routinely performed using a percutaneous approach under echocardiographic guidance especially transthoracic echocardiography (TEE). Centrally located, ostium secundum type and less than 3.5 cm in size are considered ideal for device closure. Although there is considerable variation in size and location of the defects, TEE guidance is quite important for this proportion of ASDs. The selection of patients for percutaneous transcatheter closure of a secundum ASD requires accurate information regarding the anatomy of the defect such as its maximal diameter and the amount of circumferential tissue rims.

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This study is aimed to evaluate treatment research the effects of nicotine on fracture healing. Thirty rats were used. Nicotine was injected subcutanously at a dosage of 2 mg/kg/day to group A and 4 mg/kg/day to group B. Control group (group C) received 0.5 ml/kg/day saline solution. Three weeks later, transverse fractures were performed on to the left ulnar and radial bones for each animal. Animals were designed to one of two follow-up groups which were euthanized either 2 or 3 weeks. On the 14th day of fracture, randomly chosen five rats from each group of A, B and C were sacrificed. At the 21st day of fracture, same procedure performed for all remaining rats. Both had surgical and histopathological evaluation were performed. Transverse fractures performed on the 21st day of study were confirmed by direct radiograms. One rat died spontaneously before completing the study was therefore excluded from the final analysis. The results indicate that healing process proceeds in each group. There was no significant difference in fracture healing between groups A and B two weeks after the fracture. However, fracture healing was significantly delayed in nicotine treated group comparing to control group. We continue to support the notion that nicotine has a negative effect on fracture healing.