Aim: Foreign bodies ingested by the oral route enter into the gastrointestinal tract and are considered a significant health problem in the childhood. In this study, we evaluated the pediatric patients who presented to our hospital with the complaint of ingestion of foreign body. Material and Methods:The hospital records of all children who presented to our clinic because of ingestion of foreign body between January 2008 and January 2015 were examined retrospectively. The complaints at admission, the types of foreign bodies ingested, the localization of the foreign body in the gastrointestinal tract and the approaches and treatment methods used were examined.Results: Thirty-six (56%) of 64 patients included in the study were male and 28 (44%) were female and the mean age was 5.7±4.6 years (10 months-17 years). Thirty eight (59%) of 64 children who were included in the assessment were below the age of five years. The most common complaint at presentation was parental recognition of the ingested object and dysphagia. The most commonly ingested foreign bodies included coins, sewing pins, safety pins and hairclips. Nail clipper detected in the stomach, sewing pin which penetrated through the duodenal wall and stuck to hepatic parenchyma were the first pediatric cases in the literature. Upper esophagus was the most common location for foreign bodies. Endoscopic examinations were performed in 55 of 64 children. Conclusions:Early detection and treatment of ingested foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal system is important in terms of preventing possible complications. In our study, the most frequent foreign bodies detected in the upper digestive tract were coins and they were most frequently detected in the upper esophagus. Most of our patients were below the age of five years. Flexible endoscopic method was used commonly for treatment. (Turk Pediatri Ars 2015; 50: 234-40)

We sought to explore the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and serum ferritin, vitamin B(12), folate, and zinc status among children. Fifty patients aged 5-18 years who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy because of dyspeptic symptoms, were studied, prospectively. Patients were grouped as H. pylori positive (group 1, n=32) or H. pylori negative (group 2, n=18) by histopathologic examination and rapid urease test. Fasting serum ferritin, vitamin B(12), folate, and zinc levels of patients were measured. Both groups were indifferent according to age, gender, height standard deviation score (H(SDS)), and weight standard deviation score (W(SDS)). Serum ferritin levels were 33+/-26 and 50+/-46 ng/mL (P=.098), vitamin B(12) levels were 303+/-135 and 393+/-166 pg/mL (P=.042), folate levels were 9.64+/-3.2 and 9.61+/-2.8 ng/mL (P=.979), and zinc levels were 95+/-48 and 87+/-31 mug/dL (P=.538), in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Ferritin levels of 14 (43.8%) patients in group 1 and 6 (33.3%) patients in group 2 were below the normal range (P=.470). Serum vitamin B(12) levels of 9 children (28%) in group 1 and 2 children (11%) in group 2 were below the normal range (P=.287). The findings of the present study suggest that H. pylori infection has a negative effect on serum ferritin and vitamin B(12) levels in children. This negative effect on vitamin B(12) levels is rather marked in contrast to that on ferritin levels. H. pylori infection has no significant effect on serum folate or zinc levels among children.

Skipping breakfast was associated with overweight/obesity in schoolchildren and adolescents, while milk consumption exhibited a protective effect. What is known? • Dietary interventions should be incorporated into a multidisciplinary strategy for obesity prevention. • Most studies of habitual physical activity in children suggest that the overweight and obese children are less active. What is new? • Milk consumption seems to have a protective effect against overweight/obesity, irrespective of yogurt or cheese consumption. • Children engaging in greater physical activity had higher body mass index values than others.

Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection causes morbidity in several systems, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. The prevalence of disease is inversely related to social-economic and developmental status. It is more common in the developing than in developed countries. In the countries where social-economic status is low, not only HP infection, but also malnutrition and growth failure have a higher prevalence. According to these data, the relationship of nutrition and HP infection is still a question. Does HP infection affect nutritional status? On the contrary, does nutritional status affect HP infection? If so, how? This review was prepared after searching thoroughly almost all of the publications about relationship between HP infections and micronutrients, especially publications pertaining to childhood, from 1990 to 2009 in PubMed. Some valuable adult and experimental publications were also reviewed. These studies related H. pylori to iron, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin E, folate, and selenium. Published studies reveal some evidence that HP has a negative effect on iron, vitamin B12 and vitamin C metabolism, but its influence on others is not clear.

Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder is believed to be an uncommon pathologic condition of the gallbladder in childhood. Only three pediatric cases have been described in the literature up to now. Honeycomb gallbladder has been described in two adult patients; no patients have been reported in childhood until now. To the best of our knowledge, we report here the first case of adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder which resembled honeycomb, in a 9-year-old girl presented with recurrent abdominal pain. The diagnosis was made by ultrasound, and confirmed by magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and finally cholecystectomy. In conclusion, ultrasound scanning performed more generally in children presenting with recurrent abdominal pain might lead to accurate diagnosis of adenomyomotosis of the gallbladder during childhood.