The objective of this study was to determine the properties of pulp and paper produced from Citrus aurantium widely available in The Mediterranean region by applying Soda-Anthraquinon (AQ) method. Chemical compositions of C. aurantium in addition to basic properties of papers were evaluated. The results showed that C. aurantium had higher holocellulose and alpha-cellulose content values of 81.1% and 48.84%, respectively. According to the chemical components of C. aurantium, the raw material has potential for pulp and paper production Then, pulps were produced with a Soda-Anthraquinon (AQ) method. The physical and optical properties of the pulps were determined and the effects of AQ were also investigated. Therefore, 4 different cooking experiments which added AQ in certain proportions were performed to C. aurantium woods. The best result in pulp yield was found 42.14% in 4 th cooking experiment added 0.5% AQ. The physical and optical properties of the pulps were improved by increasing AQ addition. As a result C. aurantium woods can be used for pulp and paper production as a raw material.Keywords: Pulp, Paper, Anthraquinon, Citrus aurantium Turunç (C. aurantium) odunlarından Soda-AQ Yöntemi ile Kağıt Hamuru ve Kağıt Üretimi ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı, Akdeniz bölgesinde geniş bir yayılış alanına sahip olan Turunç (C. aurantium) odunlarından Soda-Antrakinon (AQ) pişirme yöntemiyle elde edilen kağıt ve kağıt hamurlarının özelliklerini belirlemektir. C. aurantium'un kimyasal bileşenlerine ek olarak kağıtların bazı özellikleri de değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan kimyasal analizler sonucu C. aurantium yüksek oranlarda holoselüloz (81.1%) ve alfa-selüloz (44.84%) içeriğine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu sonuçlara göre bu hammaddenin kağıt yapımına uygun olduğu düşünülmüştür. Soda-AQ metodu kullanılarak-kağıt hamurları üretilmiştir. Kağıt hamurlarına ait fiziksel ve optik özellikler belirlenmiş ve AQ'nun bu özellikler üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu nedenle, farklı oranlarda AQ ilave edilerek 4 farklı pişirme deneyi yapılmıştır. Hamur veriminde en iyi sonuç 0.5% AQ ilave edilen 4 nolu pişirme deneyinde 42.14% olarak bulunmuştur. AQ ilavesindeki artışa paralel olarak fiziksel ve optik özelliklerde iyileşmelerin olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, C. aurantium odunu kağıt hamuru ve kağıt üretiminde hammadde olarak kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.

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In this study, the use of modified calcite as a filler in fluting paper production was investigated and its effects on retention and some mechanical properties of the papers were determined. Ground calcium carbonate (GCC/calcite) and cationic starch were used for modification. Filler modification with alum effect of CPAM resulted in starch-calcite encapsulation. Produced modified calcite (MC) was used in fluting paper production at certain dosages as filler. Simultaneously, paper was made with unmodified calcite (UC), and the effects of modified calcite on the paper properties and filler retention were studied. The results of this study indicated that the use of 10% MC improved filler retention and provided approximately 23% more retention than the use of 10% UC. In addition, mechanical properties and air permeability values of MC-filled papers were higher than those of UC-filled papers. With the use of MC in fluting papers production, better filler retention was achieved, while the reduction in mechanical properties caused by the addition of filler can be minimized. Besides, impurities in white water can be minimized by reducing the filler dosage given during paper production.

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