Background: Epidemiological studies revealed there is a difference in susceptibility to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of differences in gender with age and males being more inflicted. There is a clear indication that deaths caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in males appeared at a higher rate than females across 35 nations. The implication of associated disease-risk genes, involved in the susceptibility of COVID-19 such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), has recently received considerable attention due to their role in severe injury of lung and mediated SARS-CoV-2 entry as a host receptor. Objectives: Herein, we aimed to systematically review how two main genetic polymorphisms of ACE2 (rs2106809 and rs2074192) can affect the gender susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: To conduct this systematic review, a literature search in PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Nature was made for the period 2004 to 2020. We searched for the impact of ACE2 genetic polymorphisms (rs2106809 and rs2074192) on gender susceptibility. Results: We noticed that there was a differential genotype distribution between males and females in various global populations whereas mutant variants were common in males compared to wild-type variants among females, which may reflect differences in gender susceptibility to infection with SARS-CoV-2. Females are less susceptible to coronavirus as compare to males because of the expression of ACE2 receptor. It has a double role in favour of COVID-19 and against COVID-19. Conclusions: Male mortality is greater than female mortality, which might be attributed to the ACE2 deficiency in women. Epidemiological studies have shown that the differences in sex and age have different susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rapidly progressive neurologic condition presenting with typical symptoms including headache, nausea, vomiting, altered mental status, and visual defects. Neuroimaging profile, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is the most important tool for diagnosis. The most commonly reported etiological factors include hypertensive emergency and renal disease. We describe a 67-year-old lady who developed clinical and radiological characteristics of PRES secondary to Varicella encephalitis.

Prostatic hyperplasia is benign tumor occur in prostate. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is common disease in old men. The incidence of disease arises with increase in age. The patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia are estimated 20% of men in 40s old, and 90% in of men in 80s old, and main causes of prostatic hyperplasia are unknown but there is evidence referring to genetic and hormonal disorders that may cause the disease. This study includes 60 patients with prostatic hyperplasia with an average age of 64 years old and 30 samples as a control with same age group. The study obtained that there was significant association (P 0.05) between PSA (KLK3) and prostatic hyperplasia. Result also mentions that there was significant decrease in testosterone level and significant increase in dihydrotestosterone level. The present study for KLK2 and KLK3 genes showed molecular variation in both genes, varied between polymorphism and allele polymorphism. PCR amplification of specific primers of KLK2 gene showed polymorphisms ranged between 14%, 8%, 10%, and 6% in each KLK2a, KLK2b, KLK2c, and KLK2d primers respectively, while the allele polymorphism in KLK2c amplification with primer reaches 18% of patient. PCR amplification of specific primers of KLK3 gene showed polymorphisms ranged between 10%, 6%, 2%, and 4% in each KLK3a, KLK3b, KLK3c, and KLK3d primer respectively, and allele variation was not detected in amplification product of KLK3.