Selective low-dose spinal anesthesia provides better pain relief than PPNB plus IRLA without sacrificing the day case setting in ambulatory practice. It is also associated with high patient satisfaction and willingness for a repeated biopsy without differences in procedure duration, tolerance, and complications.

Introduction:Spontaneous nephrocutaneous fistula is a rare manifestation of renal disease that can occur due to various etiologies, such as renal calculus, chronic pyelonephritis, stricture of the ureteropelvic junction, and renal tuberculosis (TB). An autonephrectomy with a nephrocutaneous fistula due to renal tuberculosis can be diagnosed quite late if it is not suspected.Case Presentation:We report a case of a spontaneous nephrocutaneous fistula with tuberculous autonephrectomy. A 40-year-old white male with recurrent flank pain and intermittent purulent drainage from his right flank region for the previous 14 years was admitted to our outpatient clinic. Fistulography and computerized tomography demonstrated a 51 × 60 mm area with a soft-tissue appearance that implied autonephrectomy of the right kidney, and a fistula tract with a 9 mm diameter between the skin and the retroperitoneal space. The patient was successfully treated with nephroureterectomy and excision of the fistulous tract, followed by antituberculous treatment. The pathological examination of the surgical specimen revealed chronic atrophic pyelonephritis, calcifications, and necrotizing granulomatous inflammation suggestive of TB.Conclusions:Urogenital TB is difficult to diagnose due to the lack of specific symptoms and signs. In the case of a nonfunctioning kidney without an obvious cause and a chronic spontaneous nephrocutaneous fistula, the possibility of associated renal TB should be kept in mind, especially in immunocompromised patients or in places where TB is a common health problem.

We present a case of a 44-year-old female who was evaluated for left recurrent flank and abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated a large cystic mass on the upper pole of the left kidney. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large, homogenous cystic mass measuring 8.5 × 9.5 cm with well-defined contours, being hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images on the upper pole of the left kidney without a distinct plan between adrenal gland. According to clinical and radiological findings, surgical excision was carried out with a subcostal flank incision. Histologic and immunohistochemical examination demonstrates that the definite diagnosis is cystic lymphangioma of the left adrenal gland. Adrenal lymphangioma is a very rare lesion. This is the unique case of an adrenal lymphangioma considered as a renal cyst because of its radiological appearance.

The survey clearly showed that prostate awareness is still very unsatisfactory in the Turkish male population and that urologists need to better inform the general population. PD knowledge is still lacking throughout all education levels. This is a unique study showing a cross-sectional analysis of the Turkish community; however, the applicability of these results to other communities should be evaluated.

The findings of the study show that, uroflowmetry evaluations are to be made if the patients have a strong desire to void. Only thus the highest Qmax values can be obtained; yet, the degree of perceived bladder sensation does not have a statistically significant impact on PVR quantity. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:622-624, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.