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We have investigated morphological and optical properties of zinc oxide rods. Highly structured ZnO layers comprising with well-shaped hexagonal rods were prepared by spray pyrolysis deposition of zinc chloride aqueous solutions at ~550∘C. The rods were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, photoluminescence, and ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy measurements. The deposition of the 0.1 mol/L solution at ~550∘C resulted in crystals with a diameter of 400–1000 nm and length of 500–2000 nm. Sharp near-band edge emission peaks, centered at 3844 and 3680 Å, dominated the PL spectra of ZnO at 300 K and 6.2 K, respectively. In addition to this, absorption coefficient was determined by absorption measurement. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, results suggest that ZnO rods, prepared by spray pyrolysis, have high crystalline quality. This is desirable in nanotechnology applications.

The purpose of the study was to determine science teacher candidates' level of understanding of some fundamental concepts and their misconceptions in the force and motion concepts. A force and motion concept test consisting of 20 questions was administered to 92 sophomores in the department of Science Education at Atatürk University in the 2016-2017 academic year. A semistructured interview was conducted with seven students to examine the reasons for their misconceptions after the implementation of the concept test. Simple statistical methods were used in the analysis of the applied test and then the correct answer rate for each question was calculated. Percentages of students' answers for each choice in the questions were determined and misconceptions were identified. Misconceptions were exposed among students with different prevalence levels. The study shows that the students have many and quite common misconceptions about the force and motion concepts. Some suggestions have been made for researchers, trainers and programmers about overcoming the identified misconceptions.

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