PurposeTo calculate the frequencies of incidental extraspinal findings and incidentally detected congenital anomalies or anatomical differences in the lumbar spine on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of intervertebral discs.Materials and methodsA total of 379 lumbar spine MRI cases were prospectively investigated in the period spanning from August 2016 to January 2018. Both 1.5 and 0.35 Tesla MRI units (Toshiba and Siemens Medical Systems) were used to examine patients with clinically suspected intervertebral disc abnormalities at three MRI diagnostic centers in Khartoum State, Sudan.ResultsOf the 379(100%) patients, 90(23.7%) patients were presented with incidental findings. Among the incidental findings, 39(10.3%) were renal cysts, 10(2.6%) were retroverted uteri, 5(1.3%) were Nabothian cysts, 4(1.1%) were ovarian cysts, 10(2.6%) were uterine fibroids, 3(0.8%) were endometrial thickening, 11(2.9%) were indicative of hydronephrosis, 4(1.1%) were uncovered prostatic enlargement, 2(0.5%) were atrophic kidney, and 1(0.3%) each was of an ectopic kidney and bladder wall thickening, respectively.ConclusionsA high percentage of extraspinal pathological findings were detected during MRI lumbar spine scans of intervertebral discs. Thus, it is important to be aware of the high percentage of patients who undergo further evaluation given the presence of unexpected findings, but for whom clinical confirmation of these abnormalities is not obtained.

Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is an orthopedic emergency condition, which is rarely attributed to burns. It occurs when pressure in an enclosed space rises to a point where it reduces blood flow and impairs tissue perfusion. Its consequences often lead to ischemia and possible necrosis within that space. Until now, the use of Doppler assessment to explore different types of compartment syndrome has yielded contradictory findings. Here, we present a significant increase of blood flow velocity in the arteries proximal to the burned area. Thus, the combination of Duplex ultrasound results with clinical findings will help vascular surgeons to make immediate decision to perform fasciotomy.

Abstract-This study was carried out to evaluate whether Transverse Cerebellar Diameter (TCD) in singleton gestations can serve as a reliable predictor of gestational age (GA) in fetuses in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. A prospective study was carried out with 50 pregnant ladies, GA ranging from 15to37 weeks (estimation of mean GA was 26.8 ± 6.8 weeks), with a single fetus.TCD measurement by ultrasound was used for each fetus. Correlations between fetal TCD and GA were determined for the whole sample. Mean TCD was 28.6 ± 7.5 mm in 15-37 weeks of gestation. Regression analysis indicates a significant relationship between TCD and GA; correlation coefficient (r) = 0.94 and p< 0.001. Fetal TCD by ultrasound could be a predictive biometric parameter of GA in the last two trimesters of a pregnancy.

Prévention et lutte contre les infections à COVID-19: étude des connaissances, de la conscience et de l'attitude de la maladie chez le personnel des départements de radiologie au Soudan Introduction. Dans le sillage de la situation actuelle de la pandémie de COVID-19, il est important de suivre strictement toutes les mesures de prévention et de contrôle des infections (IPC) normalisées par l' Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS). L'IPC est une approche scientifique et une solution pratique conçue pour prévenir les dommages causés par l'infection aux patients et aux agents de santé. L'objectif de l'étude. Cette étude visait à évaluer les connaissances et la pratique des mesures standard d'IPC parmi le personnel des services de radiologie au Soudan. Matériel et méthodes. Une enquête qualitative a été menée à l'aide d'un questionnaire distribué par ABSTRACT Introduction. In the wake of the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to strictly follow all the standard infection prevention and control measures (SICPs) of the World Health Organization (WHO). SICPs is a scientific approach and practical solution designed to prevent harm caused by infection to patients and health workers. Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and practice of standard measures of IPCs among the staff of the radiology departments in Sudan. Material and methods. A qualitative survey was conducted using a questionnaire distributed via email among radiology staff in thirty-three different hospitals in Sudan. The questionnaire was developed by the authors, with help from scientific literature to cover key areas of knowledge, awareness and attitude regarding infection prevention and control guidelines of COVID-19.

Infrared waves have found a special place in the food industry as one of the new sources of heat production. Infrared heating technology transfers large amounts of energy to the environment or material being processed in a short time. Also improves the quality of the product and makes the product produced by this method have a higher quality than the product produced by traditional methods. Applying modern methods of heating food achieves high-quality processed products and also reduces energy consumption. One of these methods is infrared heating, which can replace many other processes in the industry as an effective method in food processing. Infrared heating has many advantages over conventional heating in similar conditions, including reduced heating time, uniform heating, high heat transfer coefficient, reduced quality loss, significant energy savings, and environmental friendliness. This paper investigates heating using infrared radiation at temperatures of 55, 65, 75, and 85 °C, and its effect on pumpkin drying. The studied parameters include moisture ratio, drying rate, effective diffusion coefficient, and activation energy. According to the results, with increasing temperature from 55 to 85 °C, the drying time decreases by about 60%, and the effective diffusion coefficient has increased by 140%.