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Introduction Azacitidine (AZA), a demethylating agent, is one of the mainstay treatments for patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) who are ineligible for curative allogeneic stem-cell transplantation and is recommended as first-line treatment in multiple countries. While arthralgia and myalgia have been commonly reported as side effects, the incidence of drug-induced reactive arthritis has only been reported twice so far. Case report We present a retrospective overview of a clinical case of a 71-year-old patient that developed new cytopenias on a background of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia and was diagnosed with therapy-associated AML. His treatment included an indefinite course of AZA to induce remission and optimise long-term survival which resulted in a satisfactory haematological response. However, after his ninth AZA cycle, he presented to the emergency department with knee swelling and erythema and conjunctivitis. Management and outcomes Arthrocentesis of the knee revealed reactive arthritis with no crystal or organism growth. His symptoms were managed effectively with conservative management including NSAIDs, analgesia and temporary immobilization for joint rest. The adverse drug reaction probability score in our study was calculated as six and adverse drug reaction was thus assigned to the “probable” category. Conclusion We report a case that points to AZA as a probable cause of arthritis flares in MDS patients. The current limitation of this study is the lack of available data, future reviews and research will aid in providing stronger evidence of a correlation between arthritis and AZA treatment.

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Photoperiod is considered to be one of the most effective environmental factor in controlling the reproductive cycle and gonadal maturation in some mammalian species, but very limited information are available on its effects on  reproductive biology of the guinea fowl.  Therein, we  investigated the effects of varying photoperiodic treatments on morpho-biometry of the excurrent duct system of helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris).  A total of twenty-one (21) apparently healthy sexually-matured helmeted guinea fowls were randomly assigned into three (3) photoperiodic regimes; mainly [Group I: Short daylight (SD; 8 HL (Hour of light, Group II: Moderate daylight (MD; 12 HL) and Group III: Long daylight (LD; 16 HL)] of seven birds per group (n=7). After 8 weeks of experimentation, the excurrent ducts were excised and freed of all adhering connective tissues for gross-morphological and morphometric evaluations. The bio-morphometric data (weight and diameter) were significantly increased (p< 0.05) in the epididymis and ductus deferens of guinea fowl exposed to 16 HL, as compared to other treatments. However, no significant (p> 0.05) effect was observed in body weight and length of the excurrent ducts regardless of photoperiod.    The observed changes in weight and diameter of the epididymis and ductus deferens of helmeted guinea fowl are thus a consequence of the stimulatory effects of long photoperiod exposure to reproductive activity. Thus, these findings would therefore be useful to guinea fowl breeders in designing appropriate intervention programs necessary to improve their  reproduction efficacy and to preserve this species.