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Traditional architecture has a variety of original and smart techniques to meet various needs according to the cultural context and natural conditions. Moluccas Islands is a natural disaster-prone area that has several unique traditional houses and was formed based on local wisdom, climatic, and topography conditions since the 13th century. This study aims to explore the traditional architecture in North Maluku Island by literature study and field observation to understand the design principles and building construction systems in response to extreme environmental conditions and to find out the sustainable features of traditional architecture in the past. Research focuses on five traditional houses located in different locations and topographical conditions by observing and analyzing site conditions, building orientation, construction techniques, building materials, ornaments, typology, and philosophy buildings. Study results show that sustainable features can be found on traditional houses in North Moluccas Island. Traditional houses of North Maluku were built using limited resources by passive design strategies and response to extreme conditions to achieve occupant comfort with the basic concept of "spiritual-human-nature". The characteristics of buildings differ in each region according to topographic conditions and local wisdom but in the same strategy: "harmony with nature" so that the traditional architecture of North Maluku can provide a comfortable living environment for occupants over the centuries according to the resources available at that time. The success of the traditional architecture of North Maluku in adapting to extreme environmental conditions can inspire sustainable building designs in the future, especially for the archipelago context.

This study aims to identify the construction system and strategy of settlement arrangement by literature review and field observation. The results show that the construction system of Bajo house uses simple construction and local material. Column and beams build from mangrove stems. Wall materials are dominant from the woven bamboo blade with plastering. At first, the roof material was dominant from sago palm leaves and now it is dominant from zinc material. The arrangement strategy of Bajo settlement consists of 3 categories: (1) Economic sustainable: developing of home industries, fish sprouts, coastal ecotourism (2) Sustainable Environmental: sustainable waste management, sustainable fishing system, banning of fish bombs, preservation, and reforestation of mangrove. (3) Social sustainable: improvement of infrastructure, utilization of rainwater and solar energy, preservation of local wisdom.

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