In this article we propose a modified compartmental model describing the transmission of COVID-19 in Morocco. It takes account on the asymptomatic people and the strategies involving hospital isolation of the confirmed infected person, quarantine of people contacting them, and home containment of all population to restrict mobility. We establish a relationship between the containment control coefficient c 0 and the basic reproduction number R 0. Different scenarios are tested with different values of c 0 , for which the stability of a Disease Free Equilibrium point is correlated with the condition linking R 0 and c 0. A worst scenario in which the containment is not respected in the same way during the period of confinement leads to several rebound in the evolution of the pandemic. It is shown that home containment, if it is strictly respected, played a crucial role in controlling the disease spreading.

Background: In this paper, the impact of the dispersion effect, due to atmospheric pressure and temperature, on NRZ-OOK terrestrial free-space optical transmission system is investigated. An expression for the dispersion parameter in FSO atmospheric channel is derived. Results: The results show that the variation of the refractive index along the transmission path induces fluctuations of group velocity dispersion of the optical pulse resulting in broadening of the pulse duration. Simulation results show that at a propagation distance of 7.5 km, the broadening ratio for input pulse duration of 300 fs is approximately 2.39. Further, at a propagation distance of 7.5 km, the remaining fraction of energy is approximately 40 % for a 300 fs input pulse duration. However, by increasing the transmitter input power, the effect of dispersion could be reduced. Namely, for a reference BER of 10 -9 , the maximum distance that it could be achieved is about 1. 461 km for an input power of 1 mW, while it is about 2.694 km for an input power of 4 mW. Conclusions:The results indicate that the effect of dispersion resulting from pressure and temperature increases with the propagation distance, which induces a high BER. However, the results show that it is possible to reach longer propagation distances with a lower BER by increasing the input power.

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