The Measurement of Hisbah Principles in the Islamic Marketing Context IntroductionIslamic marketing plays a vital role in safeguarding the needs of all parties, such as buyers, sellers, business partners and the community, and this can be obtained by ensuring that all aspects of marketing activities are in accordance with the regulations stipulated in the Quran and the Sunnah (Abdullah & Ahmad, 2010). The importance of Muslim consumers as an attractive market segment was highlighted by the growth of the Muslim population, as well as the Islamic economy which provide the basis for Halal marketing (Shah, Azhar, & Bhutto, 2019). Halal means 'permissible' and refers to a set of rules that defines permissible and forbidden activities. More specifically, halal products should not be harmful, exploit the environment or labour, neither contain haram (prohibited) ingredients (Floren, Tareq, & Gani, 2019). Records of immoral and abominable acts that consist of injustice, sale of counterfeit and rotten commodities, hoarding, misleading marketing, inexact weight, cheating, indecency and market instability became visible in many markets especially in the developing countries (Attahiru, Al-Aidaros, & Yusof, 2018). According to Diaw (2015), the faulty risk management practices at the institutional, organisational and product level of the world markets are the main causes of the global business crises. Likewise, Iannuzzi and Berardi (2010) expressed that deviation from efficient market logics due to operator's irrational behaviour is the cause of financial crises in the world business. Also, the weakness of previous financial system structure contributed to the failures of high number of financial institution around the globe. Jonck and Swanepoel (2016) affirmed that developing countries are more vulnerable to corruption because of widespread poverty, inability of institutions to enforce the business code of conduct with specific reference to public officials and absence of watchdog agencies. In addition, Ahmed (2010) stressed that nonconformity to the Islamic ethics of marketing and engagement in the non-shariah compliant businesses that include creating money for money (riba), short selling, absence of risk-sharing, selling debts-subprime lending, speculative activities and gambling are the key factors leading to the present financial crises all over the world. Though, ethical reflections particularly those driven by religion play an important role in shaping the business conduct in the world (Ali, Al-Aali, & Al-Owaihan, 2013).However, since the possibility of deceit and fraudulent act in business conduct is inevitable, it is binding for the government to make sure that Muslim traders transact their businesses in proper, just and decent way (Saleh, 2010). To this effect, the government has a vital role of preserving justice in businesses and avoid all possible dishonesty and frauds made in the marketplaces. This necessitates the establishment of an institution that will be responsible for applying and enforcing the Islamic pri...

This research aims to determine the effect of corruption on Inefficiency in the Nigerian public sector from Islamic point of view. This is because corruption has adversely affected the socio-cultural, political and economic development of Nigeria.The survey was conducted at Sokoto State Nigeria. Primary data was collected and SmartPLS 3 version was used for the analysis. 150 questionnaires were distributed to the senior staff of Local Government Service Commission, Sokoto, but only 96 were used for the analysis. The study found that there is significant relationship between corruption and inefficiency in Nigeria’s public service. The study also established that inefficiency that bedevilled the public service is as a result of corruption. This research is significant as there is dearth of literature on Islamic approach linking inefficiency to corruption in Nigeria. While this paper sets the stage, there is however, the need for future research.

Immorality in the public/private service has been a great concern to various governments and researchers throughout the world because of its complexity. Despite all the existing laws, rules and regulations pertaining to the public service, the policy makers have failed to arrest the situation that is multiplying day by day. This may not be unconnected with the neglect of religious ethics that control the heart of an individual as it affects the public service. Islam provides comprehensive ethical guidelines for the running of public service which can be achieved through Islamic justice and fairness. To have faithful leaders, it is of great importance for the policy makers to ensure the manifestation of religious ethics and justice in the public service through the public awareness. Using proposed methodology this paper presents a conceptual review of the leader’s work ethics based on Islamic perspectives as well as its application in modern business toward sustaining the performance of the public and private organizations. This research is significant as there is a lack of Islamic code of ethics that guides the public and private organizations effectively. There is need for empirical test in the future as this research is conceptual in nature.