(1) Background: Foster Kennedy syndrome (FKS) is an ophthalmological condition characterized by an insidious reduction in vision in one eye, accompanied by clinically significant papilledema in the fellow eye. The unilateral loss of vision and optic atrophy is due to compressive optic atrophy, which causes elevated intracranial pressure that leads to swelling in the fellow eye. The risk factors for FKS include the presence of mass lesions in radiographic imaging, female gender, and increased body mass index. Differential diagnoses of FKS include tumors and pseudotumor of the frontal lobe and cranial meninges. (2) Methods: We present two cases of FKS diagnosed in February 2021 and December 2021. (3) Results: A 52-year-old male with a history of poor vision in one eye after trauma complained of constant headache. Ocular examination revealed disc pallor in his right eye with disc edema in the contralateral eye. The patient was sent for computerized tomography (CT) and placed on oral prednisolone tablets. The CT scan confirmed the diagnosis of FKS. A 30-year-old female presented to the emergency department for poor vision in her left eye and headache on the left side. Medication included dexamethasone, chloramphenicol, timolol eyedrops, furosemide, and anti-oxidant tablets dispensed from a previous private eye clinic. Ophthalmoscopy showed disc pallor with 0.1 cupping and arteriolar attenuation in both eyes with macular hemorrhages in her left eye. Bilateral papilledema secondary to raised intracranial hyper-tension was suspected. CT scans showed an intracranial mass. (4) Conclusions: These two cases show the importance of ocular examination in the diagnosis of serious systemic conditions. A concise case history, extensive ocular workup, and cranial imaging with magnetic resonance imaging and/or CT scans are indicative of patients showing acute visual loss and retro-orbital pain, which can give rise to the diagnosis of sight-threatening, permanent and fatal conditions, such as FKS. Non-surgical treatments include oral steroidal therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy; however, neurosurgery is normally required.

This study was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of Nigerian optometrists and optometry students with regard to the COVID-19 pandemic, while also assessing its impact of their daily personal and professional routines. The Google Forms suite was used to design an online struc- tured survey/questionnaire. This was sent to Nigerian optometrists and optometry students along with a message soliciting their voluntary participation. This survey took place between 10th April and 15th May 2020. The responses received were electronically transmitted to the authors and populated via Google suite software. Descriptive statistics and inferences were then derived from these data. A total of 399 valid responses were logged during this study. Of these, 183 (45.4%) respondents were optometry students from the eight optometry education departments in Nigeria. Optometric doctors made up 216 of the respondents. 86% of optometrists reported having cases of COVID-19 in their state. No optometrists reported suffering from the COVID-19 disease while one (0.5%) student had been infected with COVID-19. Twelve percent of student respondents felt educational facilities were adequate to cater for post COVID- 19 resumption, while 21.5% of students felt that the ongoing academic session should be restarted. The COVID-19 Pandemic has impacted greatly on service delivery among Nigerian optometrists and optometry education. Educational institutions must also adjust to current realities in order to be able to provide safe and adequate training when the academic section resumes or restarts.

The cornea is a transparent avascular structure located in the front of the eye that refracts light entering the eyes and also serves as a barrier between the outside world and the internal contents of the eye. Like every other body part, the cornea may suffer insult from trauma, infection, and inflammation. In the case of trauma, a prior infection that left a scar, or conditions such as keratoconus that warrant the removal of all or part of the cornea (keratoplasty), it is important to use healthy donor corneal tissues and cells that can replace the damaged cornea. The types of cornea transplant techniques employed currently include: penetrating keratoplasty, endothelial keratoplasty (EK), and artificial cornea transplant. Postoperative failure acutely or after years can result after a cornea transplant and may require a repeat transplant. This minireview briefly examines the various types of corneal transplant methodologies, indications, contraindications, presurgical protocols, sources of cornea transplant material, wound healing after surgery complications, co-morbidities, and the effect of COVID-19 in corneal transplant surgery.

Stem cells (SCs) have evolved as an interesting and viable factor in ophthalmologic patient care in the past decades. SCs have been classified as either embryonic, mesenchymal, tissue-specific, or induced pluripotent cells. Multiple novel management techniques and clinical trials have been established to date. While available publications are predominantly animal-model-based, significant material is derived from human studies and case-selected scenarios. This possibility of explanting cells from viable tissue to regenerate/repair damaged tissue points to an exciting future of therapeutic options in all fields of medicine, and ophthalmology is surely not left out. Adipose tissue obtained from lipo-aspirates has been shown to produce mesenchymal SCs that are potentially useful in different body parts, including the oculo-visual system. An overview of the anatomy, physiology, and extraction process for adipose-tissue-derived stem cells (ADSC) is important for better understanding the potential therapeutic benefits. This review examines published data on ADSCs in immune-modulatory, therapeutic, and regenerative treatments. We also look at the future of ADSC applications for ophthalmic patient care. The adverse effects of this relatively novel therapy are also discussed.

Purpose: Determining the total spectral transmission of the porcine crystalline lens at various post mortem intervals. Method: An experimental study conducted in the Department of chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of pharmacy, University of Benin. Twenty pairs of porcine eyes were obtained from an abattoir in Benin City. The crystalline lenses were carefully extracted from the enucleated porcine eyes at various post- mortem intervals (0, 12, 24, 36 and 48hours) and their spectral transmissions were measured using a T80 UV-VIS Spectrophotometer. Measurement at 0 hour was used as a control being the baseline. Result: The result showed a strong negative correlation between increased post mortem intervals and transmission of the crystalline lens for both eyes, as the post-mortem time interval increases, the transmission of long wavelengths (r = -0.992, P = 0.001), mid wavelengths (r = -0.994, P = 0.000)  and short wavelengths(r = -0.991, P = 0.001) decreases significantly. It was also observed there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) existed  between both eyes in the different wavelength regions with increased post mortem interval. Conclusion: The study shows that time after death has effect on the spectral transmission of crystalline lens which can serve as important information in forensic evaluation. Key words: Post mortem interval, crystalline lens, spectral transmission, spectrophotometer and porcine.