Objective: To highlight the possible effects of toxoplasmosis on serum activities of liver enzymes. Methods: Sixty serologically toxoplasmosis positive women referred to the Public Health Laboratory Centre in Nineveh Province were enrolled during the period from Oct. 2008-March 2009. Their ages ranged between 16-35 years and mean±SD (24.9±4.8 years). Cases were compared with 40 age matched apparently healthy high school, medical college students and employees of Mosul College of Medicine control women who were serologically negative for toxoplasmosis; their ages ranged between 17-35 years and mean ± SD (23.9± 5.5years). Serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in all cases and controls. Results: Liver enzymes activities were higher in patients compared with those of the controls. Conclusion: A probable involvement of the liver in the disease process was noticed for the toxoplasmosis patients although not sufficient to produce clinical signs and symptoms of liver disease.

Introduction: Symmetrical and Asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine were previously discovered in urine, the present study explored the link between acute kidney injury (AKI) and modulation in the level of these biomarkers.Methods: Ninety volunteers were recruited in the current study, sixty of them were dialysis-dependent AKI patients, their ages ranged between 29-70 years, 13 were diabetic and 47 were non-diabetics patients. Thirty healthy subjects were recruited as a control group. Blood urea, serum creatinine, uric acid, glucose, lipid profile, albumin, hemoglobin, levels were measured using an automated analyzer (SK3002b). Asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (SDMA) serum concentrations were measured using ELISA.Results: The findings of the current study demonstrated a significant decrease in hemoglobin and serum albumin levels alongside an increase in the serum creatinine, uric acid, and serum triglyceride (TG) in the patients when compared to the apparently healthy controls. Serum concentrations of ADMA and SDMA were significantly lower in healthy controls compared to the patients. Conclusion: These data confirm the assumption which assumes that both, ADMA and SDMA serum levels are sensitive markers of reduced renal function and serum SDMA is more sensitive than ADMA in dialysis-dependent AKI patients.

The causative virus of COVID-19 “SARS-COV2” is an upper respiratory tract pathogen and a member of corona virus family, causes about 15 % of influenza and common cold infections annually. There are several types of viruses that causes influenza to human like orthomyxovirus type A, B, and C. some may cause sever and endemic flu like orthomyxovirus-A, some may be simple and do not spread like endemics.

“Colorectal cancer” (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers, posing a scientific challenge and serving as a model for investigating the molecular pathways underlying its development. “Advanced glycation end products” (AGEs) have drawn interest in this context. The buildup of these diverse, chemically complex groups, which are formed by a “non-enzymatic interaction” between reducing sugar and a range of macromolecules, significantly increases “inflammation and oxidative stress” in the body, which has long been associated to cancer formation. The traditional pathways that promote AGE formation, as well as the significance of AGEs’ interaction with the receptor for “advanced glycation end products” (RAGE) and other means involved in CRC initiation and progression, are discussed in this review.

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