Petrochemical industry, specially oil refineries produces large quantities of wastewater that isstrongly polluted with hydrocarbon compounds. Although Baiji oil refinery has wastewatertreatment plant, it discharges water to Tigris river that is strongly polluted with hydrocarboncompounds that exceed the Iraqi permissible limits. Thus the aim of the present work is toremove phenol, parachlorophenol, and benzene from the wastewater of Baiji oil refinery usinggranular activated carbon(GAC)column. A laboratory scale apparatus is designed andconstructed in order to perform this study taking into account the ability to control the mostimportant parameters affecting adsorption process. Actual wastewater samples taken from thefinal discharge point of wastewater treatment unit of Baiji oil refinery are used to conduct allexperiments.The results indicated that these pollutants could be removed completely. Moreover, it indicatesthat breakthrough and exhaustion time are directly proportional with GAC thickness and inverselyproportional with pollutants concentration and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV). The resultsshow that maximum breakthrough time is 39.26, 21.35, and 16.58 hours at LHSV of 0.5 hr-1 and35cm of GAC thickness for phenol, parachlorophenol, and benzene respectively. Thecorresponding minimum breakthrough time is 9.24, 5.23, and 6.08 hours at LHSV of 129 hr-1.However, the corresponding maximum exhaustion time is 49.6, 48.7, and 43.84 hours, while theminimum exhaustion time are 27.5, 16.54, and 10.89 hours. The results show that breakthroughtime for phenol is 27.23 hours when the phenol inlet concentration is 5.212 mg/l, it decreased to13.83 hours at inlet phenol concentration of 19.31 mg/l. The corresponding exhaustion time is68.83 and 37.22 hours. Other two pollutants have similar trend. Based on the experimental data,dynamic adsorption capacities are calculated and found to be increased with the increase ofpollutants concentration and LHSV. It is also found that calculated adsorption zone thickness isproportional with LHSV. The calculated maximum dynamic carbon adsorption capacity are 115.4,67.62, and 12.628 mg/g for phenol, parachlorophenol, and benzene respectively at LHSV of 129hr-1. The corresponding minimum capacity at LHSV of 0.5 hr-1 are found to be 1, 0.99, and 0.257mg/g. Calculated values of minimum and maximum adsorption zone thickness for the threepollutants at LHSV of 0.5 and 129 hr-1 are (0.0729, 0.1965, and 0.2176) and (0.2324,0.2118,and 0.1545)cm respectively.Application of the most famous the adsorption models shows that only Freundlich model givesexcellent agreement with experimental data. Finally, new three models are developed. The firstand second relate breakthrough and exhaustion time with LHSV, wastewater pollutantsconcentration, and GAC thickness while the third relates adsorption velocity with LHSV and inletpollutant concentration.

The aim of this research is to study the kinetic reaction models for catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic content for Basrah crude oil (BCO) and vacuum gas oil (VGO) derived from Kirkuk crude oil which has the boiling point rang of (611-833)K. This work is performed using a hydrodesulphurization (HDS) pilot plant unit located in AL-Basil Company. A commercial (HDS) catalyst cobalt-molybdenum (Co- Mo) supported in alumina (γ-Al2O3) is used in this work. The feed is supplied by North Refinery Company in Baiji. The reaction temperatures range is (600-675) K over liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) range of (0.7-2)hr-1 and hydrogen pressure is 3 MPa with H2/oil ratio of 300 H / l 2 of Basrah Crude oil (BCO), while the corresponding conditions for vacuum gas oil (VGO) are (583-643) K, (1.5-3.75) hr-1, 3.5 MPa and 250 H / l 2 respectively . The results showed that the reaction kinetics is of second order for both types of feed. Activation energies are found to be 30.396, 38.479 kJ/mole for Basrah Crude Oil (BCO) and Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO) respectively.

In the present work, Basrah crude oil, atmospheric distillate of 305-623 K boiling range, vacuum distillate of 623-823 K boiling range, and wide petroleum distillate of boiling range 305-823 K are hydrotreated in trickle bed reactor using Cobalt- Molybdenum alumina as a catalyst. Hydrotreating temperatures are 598-648K, 598- 673K, 648-673K and 648K respectively while LHSV are 0.7-2 hr-1, 1 hr-1, 0.7-2 hr-1 respectively. The operating pressure and H2/Oil ratio for all experiments are kept constant at 3 Mpa and 300 liter/liter. The results show that Sulphur and metal content decreased with increasing temperature and decreasing LHSV. Vacuum residue of boiling range above 823K is mixed with hydrotreated atmospheric distillate, vacuum distillate and with the hydrotreated wide petroleum distillate. The temperature for hydrotreating the mixed sample is 648K and LHSV is 1 hr-1. It was found that hydrotreating crude oil is the best choice since it gives the highest removal of sulphur, vanadium and cobalt removal..

In this paper, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), which are known for their ability to model nonlinear systems, provide accurate approximations of system behavior and are typically much more computationally efficient than phenomenological models are used to predict the etchant copper concentration in the electrolytic cell in terms of electric potential, operating time, temperature of the electrolytic cell , ratio of surface area of poles per unit volume of solution and the distance between poles. In this paper 350 sets of data are used to trained and test the network.. The best results were achieved using a model based on a feedforword Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with one hidden layer and fifteen neurons in the hidden layer gives a very close prediction of the copper concentration in the electrolytic cell.