The systematic agroforestry practice is being popular day by day in Jessore district of Bangladesh. Considering the situation, the present study aims to know the farmers' attitude and perception about agroforestry practice and to find out the potentialities of agroforestry to reduce poverty at the study area viz., Keshabpur upazila of Jessore district. Mixed method by using semistructured questionnaires was followed in the field survey. The results illustrated that the respondents preferred agricultural practice (average 58.45% of their total lands) as their major land use followed by homestead and agroforestry land uses (31.75%). Agroforestry was getting popularity as well as socially and ecologically acceptable at this area due to the diversified outcomes of this practice. The small land holders (possession >1 acre) were the most interested among the respondents to practice agroforestry. The less poor agroforestry farmers' change of income was also higher than the poor farmers. The increased production and income facilitated the villagers to reduce their poverty to some extent and thus they had better access to their daily necessities which helped them to attain a minimal standard of living.

Utilization of agricultural by-products in animal nutrition is a practice as old as the domestication of animals. The dried orange peel (DOP), by-product of citrus industry is a promising source of diversified bioactive ingredients with beneficial effects on health. Therefore, this study was carried out to assess the dietary effect of DOP on production and, internal and external egg quality characteristics of laying hens. A total of 60 layers of 25 weeks of age were segregated into three dietary treatment groups using a completely randomized design and reared up to 42 weeks. The dietary treatments were control (basal diet), 5% DOP (basal diet + 5% DOP), and 10% DOP (basal diet + 10% DOP). The study revealed that dietary DOP significantly decreased the feed consumption and feed conversion ratio of layers (p < 0.05) without having any significant effects on egg production, egg weight and egg mass. None of the exterior egg quality parameters were significantly affected by the dietary supplementation of DOP (p > 0.05). Among interior egg quality attributes, the albumen height, albumen index, yolk color, and Haugh unit were all considerably elevated through supplementation of 10% DOP (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, the yolk index was raised by both 5% and 10% DOP supplementation (p < 0.05).  The relative weight of ovarian grape and oviduct did not affect by the supplementation of DOP with layer diet (p > 0.05). In summary, it may be said that layer diets can be supplemented with DOP up to 10% level to improve FCR, albumen index, yolk index, yolk color and Haugh unit without compromising egg production or exterior egg quality. Further studies are recommended with layer diets supplemented with DOP at levels higher than 10% to determine the ideal DOP dose during other production periods in various layer strains. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 51 (3): 98-106, 2022

The study was conducted to depict the overall economics of papaya cultivation in four districts namely Tangail, Jashore, Bandarban and Rajshahi. The objectives of the study were to examine the cost structure, resource use productivities, profitability and the problems of papaya production. A total of 152 farmers taking 38 from each district were selected randomly. Data were collected through a pre-tested interview schedule during January-March, 2017. The per hectare use of human labour, plant protection, manures and fertilizer were found to be maximum at Jashore whereas, the per hectare use of saplings was found to be maximum at Tangail district. The per hectare cost of cultivation of papaya was high at Jossere (365405) followed by Tangail (Tk.334261), Rajshahi (Tk.319754), and Bandarban (Tk. 272664). The average per hectare yield were maximum at Jossere (62MT) followed by Rajshahi (55MT), Tangail (54MT) and Bandarban (52MT). Per hectare gross margin was the highest at Tangail (Tk. 802797) followed by Bandarban (Tk. 658441), Jashore (Tk. 536346) and Rajshahi (Tk.471298). Per hectare net return was highest at Tangail (Tk.633738) followed by Bandarban (Tk.507335), Jossere (Tk.346594) and Rajshahi (Tk.302747). The overall benefit cost ratio was 2.39 which indicates papaya cultivation was profitable in Bangladesh. The yield of papaya would increase by 0.0407, 0.125, 00.0627, 0.0863 and 0.3785 % if papaya farmers apply 1% additional human labour, seedlings/saplings, fertilizer, improved variety, and dummy for loamy soil. Attacks on viral disease, adverse weather condition, non-availability of reliable seed, lack of irrigation facilities, lack of technical knowledge and problems in marketing of papaya were the major constraints of papaya cultivation in the study areas. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(1): 115-126, March 2019

The study was conducted to identify the socio-economic status and problems faced by the Sonali farmers at Wazirpur Upazila in Barishal District. A total of 90 respondents from 9 unions were selected randomly for primary data collection. The farmers and their farming were evaluated through the analysis of data collected in a pre-structured questionnaire. This study revealed that a maximum portion of the farmers were middle-aged (52.2%), male (92.2%), and had a secondary level of education (54.4%).  Most farmers had medium-sized farm (38.9%) and invested their own capital in farming (54.9%). Although major farmers had low experience in Sonali chicken farming, they had high management skills (63.9%). In terms of occupation, the highest percentage of farmers (38.9%) had a conjugated occupation of poultry and crop. Most of the farmers had their own tube-well (74.7%) and use sanitary latrine (71.1%). Nevertheless, only 17% of the farmers had good health condition. About 49% of the farmers had only one chicken house, and 87.8% followed the floor system for rearing Sonali chicken. Surprisingly, all the farms followed an all-in-all-out marketing system for Sonali chicken. Most of the farmers (96.7%) vaccinated their poultry birds and added coccidiostat (73.3%) and vitamin mineral premix (94.4%) to the feed. A major portion of the farmers identified the irregular fluctuation in the market price of feeds (95.6%) and day-old chicks (93.3%) as severe problem, followed by high price of feed but low price of meat (87.8%). A disorganized marketing channel was the next major problem faced by the poultry farmers (83.3%). Taken together, the Sonali farmers of Barishal were middle-aged; poorly educated, and invested their own capital for farming, and they faced a variety of challenges during farming and marketing their chickens. To enhance Sonali farmers’ socio-economic conditions and alleviate their problems, the government should take appropriate steps to provide finance and farm-based training, including modern animal husbandry practices. Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science. 2022. 51 (1): 1-11

The study aims to explore the prospects and retrospects of land use system through agroforestry practices in Meherpur district, Bangladesh. It particularly focuses on some aspects of land uses of the study area like land use pattern, land ownership, choices of species for agroforestry, farmers' perceptions towards agroforestry, status and prospects of agroforestry practices. This study was carried out by using mixed method followed by a semi-structure questionnaire. A total of 100 respondents were selected by using snowball purposive sampling method. The study revealed that agriculture was the major occupation (50%) of the selected respondents. Of the total land used by selected respondents, 21% land were used for agroforestry, 69% for agriculture and remaining 10% for homestead purposes. Most of the farmers (60%) were small landholders (1 to 5 acres) and 18% had lesser than 1 acre land. Among them 76% had their own land followed by 8% leased land and 16% both own and leased land. They preferred agroforestry in their homestead (92%), agricultural land (65%), water body (31%) and fallow land (18%). The farmers were practicing different types of agroforestry such as cropland, homestead and aquaculture with boundary plantation by mixing trees, agricultural crops and vegetables in their farmlands to receive diversified outcomes. A remarkable change in land use pattern was found after adopting agroforestry practices in this study area. Maximum respondents practiced agro-forestry in their homestead and croplands. Most of the land (67%) was used for agriculture cultivation while a very small amount of land was used as agroforestry in the study area.