To access Internet services supported in a home network, a mobile node must obtain the right to use an access network, and it must be able to contact a home network gateway to access the Internet in the home network. This means that the device must be authenticated by an AP to use the access network, and it must additionally be authenticated by the home network gateway to access its home network. EAP-PEAP is currently the most commonly used authentication protocol in access networks, and IKEv2 is common security protocol for mutual authentication on the Internet. As the procedures in EAP-PEAP and IKEv2 are quite similar, EAP-PEAP can be replaced by IKEv2. If the access network authentication uses IKEv2based protocols and the home network authentication also uses IKEv2, the IKEv2 messages exchanged in each authentication become duplicates. However, it should be noted that EAP-IKEv2 is not able to carry EAP exchanges. We propose a hybrid authentication mechanism that can be used to authenticate a mobile node for both networks simultaneously. The proposed mechanism is based on the IKEv2-EAP exchanges instead of the EAP exchanges currently used to authenticate the access network, but our scheme adopts the encapsulation method defined by EAP-IKEv2 to transport the IKEv2 message over IEEE 802.11 so as not to change the current access network authentication architecture and the message format used by the authentication protocols. The scheme authenticates both networks through a single IKEv2 authentication, rather than two authentication proceduresone for the access network and one for the home network. This reduces the number of exchanged messages and authentication time.

The IETF IPWAVE Working Group is developing an IPv6-based solution to establish connectivity for V2V and V2I communication. It proposes a vehicular mobility management scheme based on PMIPv6. In this scheme, a shared-prefix model is proposed for its vehicular link model. The shared-prefix model is to share a common prefix among several RSUs. When using it, a vehicle in the same prefix domain does not need to change its IPv6 address even if its serving RSU is changed. So its CNs do not notice the movement of the vehicle. This concept is very similar with PMIPv6, because PMIPv6 also hides the vehicle's movement to its CNs if PMIPv6 does not use the route optimization. However, current IPWAVE draft of vehicular mobility management has several problems. Firstly, it requires a vehicular neighbor discovery, which is not compatible with standard IPv6 NDP. Secondly, PMIPv6 assumes that it acquires a MN-ID and a profile of a mobile node during the network attachment, but there is no authentication in IEEE WAVE networks. So, such information cannot be acquired in IEEE WAVE networks. We propose a vehicular mobility management scheme for a shared-prefix model over IEEE WAVE IPv6 networks. The proposed scheme introduces VMM-NDP module. It handles the path changes due to the serving RSU changes within a shared prefix domain. It also hides the IPv6 address change to CNs by maintaining the previous IPv6 address when the vehicle's current IPv6 address is changed due to the movement of the vehicle into new shared prefix domain. In this scheme, a vehicle can know its movement. So, there is no need to acquire a MN-ID. And also, since this scheme uses a shared-prefix model, there is no need to obtain a profile. INDEX TERMS IEEE WirelessAccess in Vehicular Environment (WAVE), WAVE Service Advertisement (WSA), Vehicular Mobility Management(VMM), Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP), Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) I. INTRODUCTION The IETF IP Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (IPWAVE) Working Group (WG) is developing an IPv6based solution to establish direct and secure connectivity for Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication [1]. It proposes a new vehicular link model for its IPWAVE architecture called a shared-prefix model in which multiple Road Side Units (RSUs) in the same subnet share a common prefix. By using the shared-prefix model, when a vehicle passes through another RSU in the same subnet, it can use its current IPv6 address in the wireless coverage of the RSU. So, its Correspondent Nodes (CNs) do not notice the movement of the vehicle. In addition, since multiple RSUs share one prefix, this model can save prefixes. Therefore, it is quite attractive to apply the shared-prefix model to IEEE Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) networks. The IPWAVE WG has proposed Vehicular Neighbor Discovery (VND) [2]. VND defines the shared-prefix model and takes into account Neighbor Discovery (ND) optimization that considers the wireless link properties such as asymmetric reachability [3] and und...

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