У статті подано аналіз зарубіжної історіографії суспільно-політичної та культурно-освітньої діяльності української літературної інтелігенції Галичини й Буковини кінця XIX – початку XX ст. Автор розглядає доробок польських, австрійських, румунських, німецьких та російських істориків. При цьому констатує, що їхні дослідження, як правило, носять загальний характер і стосуються окремих питань історії Галичини й Буковини, політичних партій, національних рухів, у яких побічно дається оцінка окремим аспектам діяльності представників української літературноїінтелігенції. У статті наголошується, що незважаючи на ряд недоліків, зарубіжна історіографія суспільно-політичної діяльності української літературної інтелігенції є важливим етапом вивчення даної проблематики. Це зумовлено насамперед тим, що зарубіжні дослідники не піддавалися тиску цензури та могли вільно висловлювати свою думку. Хоча, в окремих випадках, їхні дослідження були упередженими і кон’юнктурними.

The study reveals the process of forming the worldview of one of the leading figures of the Ukrainian national movement of the late nineteenth – early twentieth century. Semen Vasyliovych Horuk (1873 – 1920). Who went down in history as Sen Horuk – a well-known publicist, editor, public figure and one of the iconic soldiers of the Legion of Ukrainian Sich Riflemen and the Ukrainian Galician Army.The authors of the article note that Sen’s childhood dates back to the second half of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s, a period characterized by modernization and emancipation processes that gradually penetrated all spheres of life, including Ukrainians. It was at this time when the Ukrainians of Sniatyn confidently occupied their own niche in public life.The first step on the way to achieving this goal was the primary school, which provided basic knowledge for entering the gymnasium.The next stage in the formation of Sen Horuk was the Kolomyia gymnasium, which was quite popular among Ukrainians in the region. Sen Horuk befriended young men like him: J. Fedorchuk from Sniatyn, M. Koshak from Moskalivka and I. Semaniuk from the village of Kobaky (future writer Marko Cheremshyna), who influenced the formation of his personality.He also took an active part in the work of a secret group of high school students. In which students engaged in in-depth study of literature, history, read atheistic literature and more.Since 1896 to 1901 he studied at the Faculty of Philosophy of Lviv University.At the same time, he became involved in Ukrainian public life, which has been gaining momentum since the mid-1990s. Sen Horuk joined the Ukrainian «Sokil», «Prosvita», «Academic Community» – where he put his knowledge and skills into practice, while gaining new experience.

The article reveals the role of representatives of Ukrainian literary intelligentsia in spreading the idea about the need for education among the Ukrainian peasantry of Galicia and Bukovyna. Their activities in the field of organization of Ukrainian schooling are shown. It is noted that O. Barvinskyi led to the opening of Ukrainian gymnasiums in Przemysl and Stanislaviv, and S. Smal-Stotskyi to the opening of Ukrainian gymnasiums in Vashkivtsi and Chernivtsi. The activities of Ukrainian writers in the field of writing textbooks for elementary schools and institutions of secondary education are revealed. It was noted that O. Barvinskyi, A. Krushelnytskyi, O. Popovych, Yu. Romanchuk, S. Smal-Stotskyi and I. Franko most of all contributed to this. The peculiarity of the textbooks which they created was that they were based on phonetic spelling, with the involvement of the works of Ukrainian writers, which contributed to the formation of a national conscious generation of Ukrainians. On the example of I. Bazhanskyi, U. Kravchenko and O. Makovei the positive results of the combination of the talent of the writer and the skill of the school teacher are shown. Keywords: Galicia, Bukovyna, Ukrainian writers, education

In the article it is noted that after the transformation of the society in 1898 into the scientific,representatives of the Ukrainian literary intelligentsia of Galicia and Bukovyna mainly concentrated in the philological section and the language commission. Their activities consisted of direct participation in the meetings of the relevant sections and commissions and the publication of their works in the editions of the Society «Notes of the NTSh» and «Literary and Scientific Herald». It is traced that among the Ukrainian writers in the publications of NTSh have the largest publications: I. Franko, M. Hrushevskyi, O. Makovei, V.  Okhrymovych, Yu. Romanchuk, V.  Hnatiuk, K. Studynskyi, M.  Pavlyk, M. Vozniak, F. Kolessa, S. Smal-Stotskyi and M. Fediushka (Ievshan). It was shown that certain representatives of the literary intelligentsia, namely: O. Barvinskyi, Yu. Romanchuk and M. Hrushevskyi, took practical part in organizing the company’s activities and at different times were its leaders. Keywords: Galicia, Bukovyna, literary intelligentsia, NTSh, O.  Barvinskyi, M. Hrushevskyi

Book review: Oleksii Koshel. The orthodox clergy of right-bank Ukraine in national, cultural, spiritual and educational revival (second half of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries) : monograph / ed. O.V. Dobrzhanskyi. Kamianets-Podilskyi : «Drukarnia «Ruta», 2022, 576 p.