Geoinformation technologies are an important element of professional education for future geographers and are widely used in their training program, at the same time geoinformation technologies depend on the participants` technical support in the educational process, both in full-time education and distance learning. The article examines the specifics of the application of geoinformation technologies in the organization of distance learning on the example of certain disciplines of the curriculum of future geography specialists. The article identifies the advantages and disadvantages of distance learning on the example of the disciplines “Fundamentals of Geoinformatics” and “Cartography and GIS” studied by the students of the Department of Physical Geography and Efficient Environmental Management of the Faculty of Geography at Uzhhorod National University. The absolute advantages of this studying format for teachers are the ability to freely choose the necessary materials, academic mobility and a fundamentally new educational space. Students have the opportunity to master new disciplines in more comfortable conditions for them and in compliance with the principles of equality. At the same time, distance learning involves a wide application of an individual approach to each student, taking into account, in particular, the hardware and software necessary to work with GIS technologies. The main disadvantages of distance learning of the academic disciplines “Fundamentals of Geoinformatics” and “Cartography and GIS” are considered. The most problematic issue for all participants of the educational process is the technical and software support at home. The process of providing students with a licensed software product taking into account different levels of hardware (personal computers, laptops, tablets) is also resource-intensive. The lack of a social environment for students is another disadvantage of distance education. Ways and means of overcoming the indicated shortcomings of distance learning of the disciplines “Fundamentals of Geoinformatics” and “Cartography and GIS” using the geographic information system ArcGIS are proposed. While forming the structure of the educational process it is necessary to solve the problem of hardware and software, form the information content of the courses and provide access to it. Google services and the Moodle platform can play an important role here.

The main purpose of the study is to optimize the functional zoning of the «Hut- sulshchyna» National Nature Park on the basis of a landscape approach. To begin with, a map-scheme of modern functional zoning in the ArcGIS 10.0 software environment was digitized, and analysis and mathematical calculations were performed. On the basis of a pre-concluded landscape map at the level of simple tracts in the scale of 1:25 000, on the key area Brusnyi, according to the method of field landscaping of H.P. Miller’s mountain areas, we have optimized in detail the functional zoning of the park in a key area. Some changes have been made regarding zoning in other areas of the National Park, only less detailed, as the compilation of a landscape map of the local level for the entire territory of NEC «Hutsulshchyna», which is a very long and complex process. In addition to the landscape approach, according to which the boundaries of functional zones must coincide with the boundaries of natural territorial complexes of a certain rank, we tried to take into account the Law of Ukraine «On Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine» and «Nature Chronicle Program for National Parks of Ukraine». Ideally, the protected area should be in the middle, surrounded wth a zone of regulated recreation, and only then the economic zone. The protected area should not border the economic one. According to the IUCN, the protected area and the regulated recreation zone must occupy at least 75% of protected area, but often in practice these requirements are difficult or even impossible, as each protected area has its own geographical features. Since the park is located in a hilly area, the economic zone should not be allocated on the ridges and upper parts of the slopes, because the effects of anthropogenic impact in the economic zone will be more or less manifested in the protected area, which is at the lower hypsometric level. Analyzing the functional zoning in the key area of Brusnyi, it was found out that in addition to the geographical location of the zones, the areas of the functional zones have also changed significantly. Thus, the protected area was 15.1%, and became 25.1%, regulated recreation – 34.2%-41.9%, stationary recreation area – 0.01%-0%, economic zone – 51.1%-33%. The advantage of the proposed zoning is the complexity, which makes it possible to protect fully and completely and use rationally the natural territorial complexes of the Pokut Carpathians. After all, natural complexes are a system, and it is known that in the system, when one component is destroyed, the whole system is destroyed. For the first time, on the basis of a landscape map at a scale of 1:25 000 at the level of simple tracts, proposals were submitted that will improve the existing functional zoning of the territory of NEC «Hutsulshchyna». The results of research can be used by the adminis- tration of NEC «Hutsulshchyna» in the development of re-functional zoning during the creation of a new project organization of NEC «Hutsulshchyna», the Department of Nature Protection, Research, and the Department of Recreation and Landscaping.

The article analyzes the peculiarities of floods in Pokut Carpathians. It is determined that the main causes of floods are the amount and intensity of precipitation, features of geomorphology and hydrography of the study area. The peculiarities of the geomorphological structure of the territory, the differences in geomorphology between the middle and low mountain parts of Pokut Carpathians are found. The middle mountains are characterized by significant vertical and horizontal dissection of the terrain, the predominance of narrow and deep river valleys, the presence of large catchments in the upper reaches of rivers. The lowlands are represented by symmetrical ridges with wide ridges, and steep and sloping slopes, which are divided by relatively wide river valleys. Determining the steepness of Pokut Carpathian slopes, it was found that steep and very steep slopes occupy more than 18% and are located in the upper reaches of rivers, and steep slopes occupy almost half of the study area and this criterion increases the possibility of sudden floods. Analyzing the geomorphology of Pokut Carpathians, it was found that the formation and development of floods largely depend on the geomorphological features of the territory. The dependence of floods on the hydrographic features of rivers and their basins has been established. It has been found that rivers are characterized by a branched river system in the upper and middle reaches, and the lower reaches are mainly one artery, where all the water accumulates during floods. In addition to the above-mentioned, the formation and development of floods are also influenced by soils, which in mountain conditions are formed on hard geological rocks and are often poorly permeable and have a small depth of soil profile, which in turn do not absorb much moisture. As for the forest cover of the study area, it is determined that it is more than 57 %, but even such a percentage of forests in the event of a sudden and large rainfall can not contain excess water. We present the results of meteorological indicators, including rainfall and heavy rains over 15 years, at two observation points- Variatyn Hydropower and Hutsulshchyna National Nature Park Meteorological Posts. It was found that heavy floods usually occur in June-July, the amount of precipitation at the VariatynHydropower Plant is always higher than at Hutsulshchyna NNP meteorological point. After analyzing the course of intense rains over fifteen years at two observation points, it was determined that VariatynHydropost is characterized by heavy rainfall more often than Hutsulshchyna NNP’s meteorological point. According to the analysis of the data of VariatynHydropost and Hutsulshchyna NNPMeteorological Station for the period 2005-2020, 65 and 53 days were recorded, respectively, with heavy rains. It has been studied that the greatest and largest floods during the observation period in Pokut Carpathians were recorded on Cheremosh, ChornyiCheremosh, Rybnytsia, Pistynka, Liuchkarivers on July 24-28, 2008, July 7-8, 2010 and June 23, 2020.