Background/Aims: The incidence of adverse events (AEs) in adults who receive continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is unknown. We report the incidence of mechanical, metabolic, and hemodynamic CRRT AEs. Methods: This is a retrospective study of all consecutive adult patients (≥18 years) who underwent CRRT from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009. Results: Out of 595 patients who underwent CRRT, 366 (62%) were male and 500 (84%) were Caucasian. Regional citrate anticoagulation was used in 98.6% of all patients. The most common clinically significant electrolyte derangements were ionized hypocalcemia (22%), ionized hypercalcemia (23%), and hyperphosphatemia (44%). Almost all (97%) patients had at least one additional AE including new onset hypotension (within the first hour after CRRT initiation) (43%), hypothermia (44%), new onset arrhythmias (29%), new onset anemia (31%) and thrombocytopenia (40%). Conclusions: ICU patients who require CRRT have a high incidence of AEs. Although the extent to which these complications are attributable to CRRT is not known, clinicians need to be cautious and aware of their high prevalence in this patient population.

Our study suggests that IgE and mast cell activation may play a role in the pathogenesis of AIN.

BACKGROUND COVID-19 continues to present challenges to both patient management and the protection of the airway management team involved, in particular in resource-constrained low-income countries. Among the most concerning complications in affected patients is rapid hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Videolaryngoscopy without peri-intubation oxygenation is the recommended approach in COVID-19 patients. However, the absence of peri-intubation oxygenation during intubation attempts can lead to hypoxia, and result in life-threatening complications in already critically ill patients. OBJECTIVE To develop low-cost disposable 3D printed videolaryngoscope designs with integrated channels for oxygen, suction, WIFI-enabled camera and tracheal tube channels, as well as a flexible transparent barrier anchor to offer optional additional protection to the user and airway management team. DESIGN A manikin study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Three experienced consultant anaesthetists in the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES To generate novel co-axial videolaryngoscopes that meet International Standards, ISO7376 : 2020 standards for anaesthetic and respiratory equipment (laryngoscopes for tracheal intubation), and to demonstrate successful tracheal intubation of a manikin trainer in a range of configurations (‘easy’ to ‘difficult’) in accordance with the Cormack-Lehane grading of laryngeal view. RESULTS Final design prototypes met the minimum criteria for strength and rigidity according to ISO7376 : 2020, including blade tip displacement under load (65 N and 150 N). Preliminary validation has demonstrated successful tracheal intubation of a manikin trainer in all configurations including ‘difficult’ (Cormack-Lehane Grade 3 view). CONCLUSIONS This low-cost, rapid in-house manufacture could offer a mitigation of supply chain disruptions that can arise during global pandemics. Furthermore, it could offer a low-cost solution in low-income countries where there is an infection risk caused by re-using most current videolaryngoscopes requiring sterilisation before re-use, as well as limitations in the availability of personal protective equipment.

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