The efficiency and responsiveness agronomic to the main macronutrients is becoming increasingly important due to the risk of supply, since it is a finite resource. In addition, excess fertilizer decreases the quality of water and air. Thus, the objective of this work was to assess the corn hybrids in terms of their efficiency and responsiveness to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), and identify the ones most suitable for fresh consumption, according to the product type and technological level to be adopted by the farmer. The randomized complete block design in a 10 × 3 (hybrids and doses) factorial scheme was adopted for the experiment, with three replications, for two season crops (2013/14 and 2014/15). Ten hybrids (2B512PW, 2B587PW, 2B707PW, 30F35HR, 30F53YH, AG1051, BRS1055, BM3061, P3646H e P3862YH) were used in isolation under low availability (without application) and partial, of N, P and K, in an isolated manner, also evaluated under the recommended dose, aiming at fresh consumption. The most efficient and responsive hybrid must first be identified in isolation, based on the availability it is subjected to and later, by its sale, focused on fresh consumption. The hybrids indicated for low availability (low technological level) were BRS1055 and 30F53YH, with respect to responsiveness or agronomic efficiency, the hybrid P3862YH was the one that presented the best performance and indicated for technological levels of medium to high, considering the classification obtained for the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for production vegetable corn.
Seed collections are an alternative for conserving plant genetic resources. The characterization of plant species contained in the collections has been carried out with the help of tables of botanical, morphological, and agronomic descriptors, which are mainly used without parameters referring to their effective contribution to variability, causing an increase in time and labor in the characterization of plants. This study aimed to evaluate the relative importance of the morphoagronomic traits in 85 low-growing tomato accessions from the collection of the Federal University of Goiás and estimate the descriptors that most help in the dissimilarity of the accessions and thus remove the redundant descriptors. The experimental design consisted of three complete randomized blocks, 85 plots (each plot corresponding to a different accession), and 12 plants per plot. The evaluations used adapted morphological descriptors described in the MAPA guidelines for distinguishability, homogeneity, and stability trials. 56.4% of the selected morphoagronomic descriptors are essential in the characterization study since they significantly contribute to the discrimination of genetic divergence between low-growing tomato accessions. Discarding 43.6% of the descriptors does not cause loss of information, reduces costs, and streamlines the management of the classification of the collection.
O tomateiro para processamento industrial é uma hortaliça que movimenta o agronegócio brasileiro. Portanto, conhecer a dinâmica da produção agronômica e científica a respeito dessa cultura é de fundamental importância para traçar novas estratégias de cultivo e de comércio e, ainda, direcionar novos estudos para suprir as deficiências da cadeia produtiva brasileira. O objetivo do estudo foi reunir informações sobre características gerais da produção e dos híbridos de tomateiro para processamento industrial comercializados no Brasil e ainda realizar um levantamento cenciométrico da produção científica a respeito da cultura. Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a evolução da tomaticultura para processamento industrial no Brasil. Para avaliar a evolução da produção foi quantificado o número de empresas que comercializam sementes e características de híbridos comercializados no Brasil. Para conhecer o comportamento da pesquisa acerca do tema proposto, foi utilizada a base de dados Scopus sendo empregadas como termos de busca as palavras-chave: “tomato processing industrial” no período de 1969-2019. O Brasil é o maior produtor da cultura na América do Sul. Goiás é o Estado que mais cultiva a cultura, sendo os municípios de Cristalina, Itaberaí, Morrinhos, Piracanjuba e Vianópolis aqueles com destaque na produção. Onze empresas comercializam sementes no Brasil atualmente, a maioria com sede internacional. Os frutos apresentam massa entre 80 a 240 gramas e o ciclo da cultura varia de 90 a 120 dias após o transplantio; e ainda apresentam resistências a Fusarium spp., Verticilium spp. e Meloidogyne spp., principalmente. Nas últimas décadas, notou-se um crescimento da literatura em tomateiro para processamento industrial, sendo a Itália é o país que mais publica sobre o assunto. As subáreas Fitotecnia e Ciência dos Alimentos representam maior interesse dos pesquisadores. No Brasil, instituições de ensino e de pesquisa das regiões Centro-Oeste e Sudeste são as que mais se dedicam a esses estudos.
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