Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) plays important roles in cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. While most applications measure restricted diffusion by tumor cellularity, DWI is also sensitive to vascularity through the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) effect. Hypervascularity can confound apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements in breast cancer. We acquired multiple b-value DWI at 3 T in a cohort of breast cancer patients and performed biexponential IVIM analysis to extract tissue diffusivity (Dt), perfusion fraction (fp), and pseudodiffusivity (Dp). Results indicated significant differences between normal fibroglandular tissue and malignant lesions in ADC mean (± standard deviation) values (2.44± 0.30 vs. 1.34 ± 0.39 μm2/ms, p < 0.01) and Dt (2.36± 0.38 vs. 1.15 ± 0.35 μm2/ms, p < 0.01). Lesion DWI signals demonstrated biexponential character in comparison to monoexponential normal tissue. There is some differentiation of lesion subtypes (invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) vs. other (OT) malignant lesions) with fp (10.5 ± 5.0% vs. 6.9 ± 2.9%, p = 0.06), but less so with Dt (1.14±0.32 μm2/ms vs. 1.18 ± 0.52 μm2/ms, p = 0.88), and Dp (14.9 ± 11.4 μm2/ms vs. 16.1 ± 5.7 μm2/ms, p = 0.75). Comparison of IVIM biomarkers with contrast-enhancement suggests moderate correlations. These results suggest the potential of IVIM vascular and cellular biomarkers for initial grading, progression monitoring, or treatment assessment of breast tumors.

Purpose:To qualitatively and quantitatively compare virtual nonenhanced (VNE) data sets derived from dual-energy (DE) computed tomography (CT) with true nonenhanced (TNE) data sets in the same patients and to calculate potential radiation dose reductions for a dual-phase renal multidetector CT compared with a standard triple-phase protocol.

Clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe RCCs demonstrate different patterns of enhancement on two-time point clinical dynamic contrast-enhanced MR images, allowing their differentiation with high sensitivity and specificity.

Presence of internal dependent debris appears to be a highly specific MR finding for the diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocyst.

Advanced Alzheimer's disease (AD) can place an immense burden on caregivers as they struggle to provide end-of-life (EOL) care for the patient. Palliative care, as delivered by hospice, provides a viable solution. Hospice maintains the patient's quality of life (QOL) and helps the family during the grieving process. However, many providers are not familiar with hospice and its care for advanced AD patients. Geriatric psychiatrists can be central in implementing hospice, and they can remain an important part of the care once it is in place. A principal clinical challenge is establishing the six-month prognosis for such patients, which is a prerequisite for initiating hospice admission.