La mayoría de los procesos industriales para la obtención de productos por conformado en caliente transcurren durante el enfriamiento del material que se está trabajando. Esto ocurre debido a que no es posible aislar térmicamente por completo el material de trabajo del equipo, imposibilitando realizar el conformado en condiciones adiabáticas, ya sea en un proceso de colada continua, en trefilado de conductores eléctricos de cobre o en cualquier otro proceso industrial de conformado en caliente.El conformado en caliente es uno de los métodos más empleados para obtener productos metálicos semielaborados o finales. La recristalización durante el conformado en caliente es un proceso dinámico durante el cual las velocidades relativas de nucleación y crecimiento de granos nuevos determinan las propiedades mecánicas (•) Efecto de la velocidad de deformación en la recristalización dinámica de un cobre ETP durante su compresión en caliente con temperatura descendente (·)G. Torrente*, M. Torres* y L. Sanoja** ResumenEn el presente trabajo se estudia el efecto de la velocidad de deformación en la recristalización dinámica de un cobre electrolítico puro durante su deformación en caliente con temperatura descendente. Para ello, se realizaron ensayos de compresión en caliente hasta deformaciones verdaderas cercanas a uno, con cuatro velocidades de deformación, mientras descendía la temperatura. Los ensayos realizados a las dos velocidades de deformación más bajas mostraron recristalización dinámica de picos múltiples con un ascenso de la tensión en lugar del estado de saturación, debido probablemente al continuo descenso de la temperatura. Con el aumento de la velocidad, los ensayos restantes mostraron recristalización de pico simple y solo restauración, respectivamente. Los resultados experimentales se compararon con los de una simulación basada en el modelo cosenoidal amortiguado de Avrami. La simulación arrojó resultados próximos a los medidos durante la recristalización dinámica de picos múltiples, sugiriendo la aplicación del modelo a procesos de recristalización dinámica de picos múltiples con temperatura variable. Palabras ClavesCobre electrolítico puro; Recristalización de picos múltiples; Modelo cosenoidal amortiguado de Avrami; KJAM; Zener-Hollomon. Effect of the strain rate in the dynamic recrystallization of ETP copper during its hot compression with descending temperatures AbstractThe main purpose of this project is to establish the effect of strain rate in the dynamic recrystallization of an ETP copper during its hot deformation with descending temperature. For this, there were made some tests of hot compression until true deformations close to one, with four strain rates while the temperature was descending. The tests that were made to the two lowest strain rates, showed a multiple peaks dynamic recrystallization with a rise of the tension instead it reaches the steady state, maybe due a continuous decline of the temperature. With the increase of rate the rest of the tests showed simple peak recrystallization...
Rock magnetic, petrographic and dielectric analyses were carried out, in a number of archeological ceramic potsherds, in order to characterize the different manufacturing techniques used by Prehistoric Venezuelan Amerindian potters. Samples were excavated in 7 Venezuelan islands and ascribed to distinct cultural groups on purely stylistic grounds (i.e. Valencioide, Ocumaroide, Dabajuroide and Unknown). Mean coercivity values were determined through a direct signal analyses (DSA) applied to isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) acquisition curves. Logarithmic plots of these mean coercivities are the best quantitative means to classify diverse ceramics. The mean coercivity values seem to group the samples according to the manufacturing development. These values also seem to discriminate the samples provenance, indeed, this plot displays a good grouping of data for samples presumably manufactured by the same culture but excavated at different locations. Thermomagnetic cycles supply helpful information about original ceramic firing conditions. The irreversibility parameter (IP) for thermomagnetic curves (heating and cooling), serves as an indicator of the amount of organic matter burnt during original pottery firing. The IP for a number of pottery samples from Venezuelan islands and mainland, with ages ranging between 300 BC to 1500 AD, might suggest a possible increasing trend in time towards the complete reversibility line of IP = 0. Most samples, independently of age and cultural group, have IP values that suggest that most open fires, used by primitive Venezuelan Amerindian potters, had enough ventilation and oxidizing atmospheres. A scatter plot of maximum current depolarization temperatures versus natural remanent magnetization (NRM) suggests a complex non-linear relationship between these two parameters most likely due to the fact that both, dielectric and rock magnetic data, are linked to pore-related features. Continuation of LATINMAG Special Issue #4, Stud. Geophys. Geod., 54 (2010) M.A. Rada Torres et al. 718 Stud. Geophys. Geod., 55 (2011)
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