Research Question We aimed to investigate the effect of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine on sperm parameters of patients with a normal and abnormal semen analysis. Design We collected data of male patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment after vaccination completion between February and June 2021 (POST vaccine). For comparison, we reviewed records of the same patients before the vaccination (PRE vaccine) up to January 2017. Azoospermia patients were excluded. Sperm parameters were compared between PRE and POST vaccine groups. Each patient served as self-control. Results Seventy-two patients were included in the study (mean age 38.1±6.7 years), of whom 57 had a normal semen analysis. The mean time between the first vaccine and the POST vaccine sperm analysis was 66.3±44.0 days. The median [IQR] of the sperm parameters before and after the vaccination were: sperm volume before 3.0 [2.0-4.0] and after 3.0 [1.6-3.9] ml, p=0.02; sperm concentration: before 26.5 [14.0-64.7] and after 31.0 [14.2-80.0] 10 6 /ml, p=0.35; and total motile count: before 33.7 [9.0-66.0] and after 29 [6.0-97.5] 10 6 , p=0.96. Sub-group analyses were performed for patients with male infertility and patients with a normal semen analysis. Neither of the sub-groups showed significant changes post-vaccination. Conclusion Sperm parameters showed no significant changes following vaccination among men with a normal and abnormal semen analysis. Therefore, the BNT162b2 vaccine appears not to affect sperm parameters. The preliminary results are reassuring for the entire global population, currently undergoing intense vaccination campaigns against COVID-19.

Objective: To investigate the possible impact of Pfizer-BioNTech's mRNA BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine on women's fertility. Methods: A retrospective single-center study examining women's IVF treatment parameters and pregnancies before and after their vaccination between February and May 2021. Each woman served as a self-control before and after vaccination. Additionally, in order to neutralize the effect of the sperm on fertilization, only Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) patients who were currently being treated with an ICSI cycle and had an earlier ICSI cycle available were included in the study. The study outcomes compared between the PRE and POST vaccination groups and consisted of: the IVF cycle outcomes, including the number of oocytes retrieved; the number of matured oocytes; the fertilization rate; and the number and quality of embryos at day 3. Clinical pregnancy was based on the first hCG value reported if the data were available for both cycles. Results: A final total of 47 women were eligible for inclusion with a mean interval of 362 +/- 368 days between the two ovum pick ups. The characteristics of their ICSI cycles before and after the vaccination were similar for all the parameters. Additionally, the number and percentage of clinical pregnancies did not significantly differ between the PRE and POST vaccination groups (n=15). Conclusion: This study is the first to evaluate the impact of the BNT162b2 vaccine on women's fertility. From our findings, the vaccine appears to have no impact on women's fertility. This study is the first step in abolishing the misinformation derived from unreliable sources and reassuring patients in order to improve compliance and promote COVID-19 eradication.

Uterine leiomyomas have drawn much attention since being described more than 200 years ago. These common benign uterine tumors often present with prolonged menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure, and reproductive disorders and pose a true financial burden on health care systems all over the world. Over the past few decades, surgical treatment of uterine leiomyomas has received most of the focus compared with other treatment options. Choosing the appropriate surgical technique depends on many factors such as uterine leiomyoma location, patient's age, interest in future fertility, concomitant comorbidities, and the patient's preference. Pharmacologic treatments such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists have been used for the treatment of symptomatic uterine leiomyomas with only partial success. Myriad side effects and limited clinical results have rendered them less popular and have exposed a true need for new effective medical treatments. Recently, treatment with selective progesterone receptor modulators has shown promising results with shrinkage of uterine leiomyomas and a prolonged clinical effect. Selective progesterone receptor modulators provide hope for women with this challenging condition and are a promising new option in the armamentarium of medical treatments for uterine leiomyomas.

Leiomyomas, also known as uterine fibroids, are a common benign tumor in women of reproductive age. These lesions disrupt the function of the uterus causing menorrhagia and pelvic pressure as well as reproductive disorders. These women pose a true challenge for clinicians in the attempt of choosing the suitable treatment for each patient. Patient's age, interest in fertility preservation, and leiomyoma location and size are all factors to be taken into account when deciding upon the preferable therapeutic option. For the past few decades, surgical treatment was the only reliable long-term treatment available. A variety of surgical approaches have been developed over the years but these developments have come at the expense of other treatment options. The classical medical treatment includes gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists and antagonists. These agents are well known for their limited clinical effect as well as their broad spectrum of side effects, inspiring a need for new pharmacological treatments. In recent years, promising results have been reported with the use of selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRM). Long-term clinical trials have shown a reduction in bleeding and shrinkage of leiomyoma mass. These results instill hope for women suffering from symptomatic leiomyomas seeking an effective, long-term medical option for their condition.