Food adulteration refers to the alteration of food quality that takes place deliberately. It includes the addition of ingredients to modify different properties of food products for economic advantage. Color, appearance, taste, weight, volume, and shelf life are such food properties. Substitution of food or its nutritional content is also accomplished to spark the apparent quality. Substitution with species, protein content, fat content, or plant ingredients are major forms of food substitution. Origin misrepresentation of food is often practiced to increase the market demand of food. Organic and synthetic compounds are added to ensure a rapid effect on the human body. Adulterated food products are responsible for mild to severe health impacts as well as financial damage. Diarrhea, nausea, allergic reaction, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc., are frequently observed illnesses upon consumption of adulterated food. Some adulterants have shown carcinogenic, clastogenic, and genotoxic properties. This review article discusses different forms of food adulteration. The health impacts also have been documented in brief.

The paper presents a computationally efficient approach to develop a nonlinear data driven input/output model between the finite-time control trajectories and the quality index at the end of the batch. Polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) was applied to produce the approximate representation of the full process model of a nonlinear batch reactor with the reaction scheme .A-->k1B--> k2C A surrogate model was developed to estimate the dependence of intermediate product (B) concentration at the end of the batch on the temperature trajectory applied during the reaction. The surrogate model was then validated for its performance. Later, the surrogate model was used to determine the optimal temperature profile needed to maximize the concentration of intermediate product at the end of the batch. The validation and optimization results prove that the experimental data based PCE can provide a very good approximation of the desired outputs, providing a generally applicable approach for rapid design, control and optimization of batch reactor systems. Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 21(2020) 121-126