With the increase of senior population, adults in their manhood and senescence with neurogenic defects also increase as well; thus, it is necessary to conduct foundational research on speech fluency to rehabilitate adults with neurogenic language disorders. Thereupon, this study analyzes the characteristics of speech fluency comparatively by age and sex with the subjects of normal adults in their 50's to 70's. According to the result of collecting language samples from total 90 adults, 30 (15 males, 15 females) in each age group of the 50's, 60's, and 70's and comparing the speech rate and disfluency frequency, first, adults in their 70's showed slower speech rate than those in their 50's or 60's. And those in their 50's, 60's, and 70's indicated no difference in their speech rate by sex. Second, there was no difference in normal disfluency and total disfluency among the adults in the 50's, 60's, and 70's. Also, there was no difference among the age groups by sex, either. Third, there was no correlation between speech rate of all the age groups and disfluency frequency.■ keyword :|Stuttering|Fluency|Speech Rate|
This work is based on the master's thesis of the first author.
Objectives:The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of spelling and types of errors through grade-level word and sentence dictation tasks for general children in lower grade elementary school (grades 1-3). Methods: The subjects of this study were 60 TD children in grades 1 to 3 (20 students in each grade) from elementary schools. The spelling test was constructed to include words implemented in word-level tasks at the sentence level based on textbooks revised in 2017 and 2018 that were being used in grades 1 to 3 used in actual school sites. Results: First, The spelling accuracy at the word level was significantly lower than the whole word segment accuracy at the sentence level. There was no significant difference between task types in the accuracy at the word level and the target word for the sentence level. Second, All grades showed orthographic errors, morphological errors, and phonological errors. When analyzed according to task types, the error level was similar at the word and sentence level in the order of orthographic errors, morphological errors, and phonological errors. Conclusion: Spelling ability is active in the lower grade of elementary school, confirming that it is an important ability to develop during this period. Therefore, if writing grade characteristics are considered in the evaluation and setting of intervention goals for children who have difficulty spelling, this suggests that a positive writing instruction is achieved.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.