RESUMENObjetivo: Éste estudio de carácter descriptivo visó evaluar clínicamente niños con neoplasias malignas y poner de manifiesto la relación entre el status de salud bucal y la ocurrencia de complicaciones estomatológicas. Pacientes y métodos: la salud bucal de 40 niños con neoplasias malignas (grupo I) fue evaluada clínicamente mediante examen físico extra e intra oral, obtención del índice de placa visible, índice de sangrado gingival e índi-ce de dientes cariados, ausentes y obturados y simultáneamente fueron observadas las complicaciones estomatológicas desarrolladas en esos pacientes. El status de salud bucal de éstos niños fue comparado al de niños saludables (grupo II). Resultados: los niños del grupo I presentaron índices de sangrado gingival y experiencia de caries menores que los del grupo II, por otro lado, el índice de placa visible fue ligeramente mayor en los niños del grupo I, sin embargo, sólo hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el valor del CAO-D/cao-d entre ambos grupos (p = 0.002). En el grupo I, 16 niños desarrollaron conjuntamente 61 complicaciones estomatológicas, con predominancia de la mucositis, seguida del sangrado oral espontáneo, candidiasis y xerostomia. Conclusión: Pacientes bajo tratamiento antineoplásico, presentando higiene oral deficiente, tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar complicaciones estomatológicas.Palabras clave: neoplasias malignas, terapia antineoplásica, salud bucal, complicaciones estomatológicas. ABSTRACTObjective: In this descriptive study were assessment clinically children with malignant neoplasm, to evidence the correlation between oral health status and the occurrence of stomatologic complications. Patients and methods: Were evaluated the oral health conditions of 40 children with malignant neoplasm (group I) through intra and extra oral physic examination, obstention of Visible Plate Index, Gingival Bleeding Index and Decayed, Missed and Filled Teeth Index; simultaneously were observed the stomatologic complications developed in this patients. The oral health status of the children of group I was compared to the healthy children (group II). Results: The children of group I presented Gingival Bleeding Index and caries experience lower than children of group II, in other hand, the Visible Plate Index was lightly greater in children of group I, nevertheless existed statistical difference in the value of the DMF-T/dmf-t between both groups (p = 0.002). In the group I, 16 children developed together 61 stomatologic complications, with predominance of oral mucositis, followed by spontaneous oral bleeding, candidiasis and xerostomy. Conclusions: Patients in anti neoplastic therapy with deficient oral hygiene had high risk of develop stomatologic complications.
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