The increased PMNL count is probably a compensatory response to PMNL priming. The increased rate of superoxide release from primed PMNL may contribute to oxidative stress in early pregnancy.

The essential oil of the leaves of Feronia elephantum Corr. was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The main constituents were β-pinene (28.4%), Z-anethole (22.1%), methyl chavicol (12.0%) and E-anethole (8.1%), among thirty-three identified compounds, which represented 92.6% of the total oil. The antimicrobial activity was tested against five Gram-positive and eight Gram-negative bacteria, and four fungi. The oil was active against Micrococcus luteus (Gram-positive bacterium), Proteus mirabilis (Gram-negative bacterium), Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus niger (fungi) with MIC values of 0.31±0.06, 0.52±0.10, 0.20±0.50 and 0.26±0.52 mg/mL, respectively.

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Introduction: Mimosa pudica is scientifically reported for the enhancement of memory in multiple animal models including Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the probable molecular mechanism for this effect has not been explained yet. The present study demonstrates the probable molecular mechanism to improve memory via in silico techniques. Materials and Methods: Phytoconstituents present in M. pudica and their targets involved in Parkinson's disease were identified using open-source databases and published literature. Enrichment analysis of targeted proteins was identified using STRING, druglikeness of compounds was assessed using MolSoft and docking was carried using autodock4. Results: Out of twenty-seven phytoconstituents, seventeen modulated the proteins involved in the pathogenesis of PD. Norepinephrine was predicted to have the highest druglikeness score. The ADMET profiles revealed all phytoconstituents to be safe and are suitable for human consumption. Similarly, network analysis identified ADORA1 to be primarily targeted by phytoconstituents and luteolin was predicted to interact with maximum proteins. A docking study predicted quercetin and luteolin to possess the highest binding affinity with highly modulated protein ADORA1. Conclusion: M. pudica could primarily modulate neuroactive ligand receptor interaction followed by dopamine and serotonin synapses by regulating multiple proteins in PD.

Background Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn, Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy, and Feronia limonia (L.) Swingle is widely utilized in traditional folk medicine against diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome but lacks the evidence of compound-protein interaction for the treatment. Methods Phytocompounds were retrieved from herbs databases and public repositories. Probable protein targets were predicted using BindingDB (p ≥ 0.7). The pathways modulated by compounds were analyzed using the STRING and KEGG pathways. The compound-protein-pathway network was constructed using Cytoscape v3.6.1. Druglikeness was predicted by Molsoft. Docking was performed by AutoDock vina by PyRx 0.8v. Results Among three plants, eleven triterpene saponins from B. acutangula showed druggable characteristics and identified to inhibit the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1/HSD11B1) as a key protein target and also inhibit/modulate other 27 protein molecules involved in the 3 major pathways i.e. Metabolic syndrome, cGMP-PKG signaling, and insulin resistance pathways and also these compounds showed interactions with the active site amino acid residues of 11β-HSD1. Among eleven compounds Barringtogenol B scored the highest binding affinity by forming a hydrogen bond with Ile218 active site residue of 11β-HSD1. Conclusion Triterpene saponins contained in B. acutangula bark and seed inhibits 11Β-HSD1 and this multi-compound contained enriched fraction could be the potent treatment regimen for T2DM, obesity, and MetS.