The use of drugs with antioxidant and antihypoxant activity in combination with immunocorrectors for chronic occupational mercury intoxication in a contingent of disabled people aged 18 years and older makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation of this contingent. The developed treatment regimens affect the main links of pathogenetic tissue damage by mercury vapor. In order to increase the objectivity of the results of the study, the predominant neurological disorders occurring in the lower extremities must be diagnosed on a complex computer-dynamic complex "ZEBRIS" with the function of a diagnostic track with a power platform, which allows to identify the degree of distribution of force and pressure of the feet when walking, violations of static support capacity on a moving platform. We have analyzed statistical data on disability due to exposure to chronic mercury intoxication for the period 2019- 2021 in the Republic of Mordovia. Risk groups have been identified according to the degree of loss of professional ability to work, depending on age, duration of work in mercury production, concomitant diseases. Contingents of disabled people with impaired mental and statodynamic functions were identified. Groups of disabled people in need of medical and social rehabilitation measures have been identified.

No abstract

Abstract. In order to study issues related to the drug correction of clinical, endocrine and neurotransmitter disorders in persons with suicidal behavior, the study of medical statistics of the neuropsychiatric service for the period from 2005 to 2022 was conducted. The paper highlights the ways to identify people with suicidal behavior, studied the prerequisites for its development. All studies were conducted in accordance with Article 11 of the Law of the Russian Federation of 02.07.1992 N 3185-1 (edition of 30.12.2021) "On psychiatric care and guarantees of the rights of citizens in its provision". The difference between true and false suicide has been determined. Pathogenetic mechanisms of formation of endocrine and neurotransmitter disorders, methods of treatment and prevention of suicidal mood are considered. Gender and age characteristics, as well as issues related to suicide in various countries of the world are analyzed. The cause-and-effect relationships that can lead to the act of suicide are highlighted. It was revealed that demographic mortality rates as a result of completed suicides were higher in the regions of the republic than in cities and amounted to 18.1- 24.5 per one hundred thousand population, the greatest suicide risk was observed at the age of 17 to 30 years. Many patients in this group either did not seek medical help from a psychiatrist at all due to stigmatization, or there was no compliance in treatment. These individuals independently stopped taking antidepressants after 1-2 weeks from the start of taking these drugs with the appearance of a slight initial improvement. The role of COVID-19 and its impact on the human psyche, as well as the role of the virus in the development of suicidal behavior, is touched upon. It was revealed that in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with suicidal behavior, there is an imbalance of cytokine status in the form of a decrease in the level of IL-10, an increase in the concentration of S-IL-2R, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6; a decrease in the activity and function of natural T cells. We have analyzed static data and made conclusions on this problem.

Relevance. Among many comorbid pathologies, it is of considerable interest to study and compare the pathogenetic mechanisms of neurological and mental disorders that combine the clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS) and affective disorders. The high MS prevalence, economic and social significance of the disease, heterogeneity of clinical symptoms, an unfavorable progressive course, as well as the frequent combination of this pathology with various forms of hypothymic disorders determine the relevance of studying the common pathogenetic mechanisms for the development of this comorbid pathology, which is necessary for the development of effective and safe preventive medical activities. The purpose of the review is to determine the common immunopathological mechanisms of affective disorders and multiple sclerosis, to analyze the role of cytokine status imbalance in the mutual increase in the severity of clinical symptoms in comorbid pathology, and to identify prognostic markers of disease progression. Materials and methods. On the basis of electronic Russian and foreign databases for the period 2017–2022, a theoretical analysis of the pathophysiological mechanisms of autoimmune CNS damage in MS and affective disorders was carried out. In order to search for literary sources, the following resources were used: https://elibrary.ru/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/, https://cyberleninka.ru/. 10 Russian and 25 foreign sources were cited. Results. The mechanisms of development of mental affective disorders and multiple sclerosis have common pathogenetic features and are characterized by a violation of pro-inflammatory cytokine reactions and autoimmune nature of changes in the structures of the central nervous system (CNS). The similarity of immunological disorders underlying the pathogenesis of various forms of multiple sclerosis and affective disorders is of undoubted interest in terms of developing common approaches to the prevention and treatment of detectable interleukin status imbalance in neurological and mental diseases. Conclusion. Identification of mutually reinforcing changes in interleukin status and determination of the features of the course of immune imbalance in multiple sclerosis and hypothymic disorders in various pathologies of the mental sphere are necessary for a deeper understanding of neuroimmune interactions.