Introduction. Microencapsulation is one of the promising areas for obtaining new dosage forms. The peculiarity of microencapsulated forms is that the substance is protected from the effects of various environmental factors that can cause their destruction (acidity of gastric juice, the effect of food, joint intake of other drugs, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, etc.). This method is used for various groups of drugs, such as antibiotics, nootropics, vitamins, probiotics, anticonvulsants, enzymes. Particular attention should be paid to antibacterial drugs, since the possibility of microencapsulation solves one of the most important problems in antibiotic therapy – the resistance of microorganisms.Text. The purpose of the review is to analyze modern research in the field of microencapsulation, to study trends and directions for the creation of microcapsules with high activity and bioavailability and with minimal side effects. The article provides brief information and main conclusions on the development of techniques and selection of conditions for microencapsulation of individual medicinal substances, on the study of polymers of various natures for use as carriers, on the methods of forming double shells of microcapsules, and also investigated the efficiency of microencapsulation of biologically active substances, such as antibacterial preparations, substances of plant and animal origin and preparations from various pharmacological groups. Variants of microencapsulation techniques for specific compounds that are suitable for substances similar in composition and action, as well as methods for creating microcapsules with double shells for compounds insoluble in water, are presented.Conclusion. The article shows the achievements and prospects of using microencapsulation of medicinal substances and their advantages over standard dosage forms. The active introduction of the developed methods into production will allow the creation of new dosage forms with known medicinal substances that have a prolonged effect, which will reduce the frequency of use of the drug, as well as retain their activity under the influence of negative factors of the internal environment of the body. Also, in the form of microcapsules, the substances are more active in comparison with non-encapsulated substances.

The article substantiates the need for the use of the most effective educational technologies in the process of distance teaching communication disciplines in the era of coronavirus. As the main effective educational distance technology, the case-study method is presented. It allows to identify the competence level of students with the maximum of communication completeness. The content of the cases is given, the conditions and features of their use in new reality of self-isolation and distance teaching are revealed, the technology of case development is considered, and the method of the case-study application role games is presented. The article presents some results of using case-study method in teaching English language speaking students a Russian language writing. Online case-study technology brings the learning process closer to the real practice of preparing texts of different journalism genres and style. This is fully facilitated by two role games as follow: “The interview with a director of a theatre performance” and “The writing a feature article”. During the role game “The interview with a director of a theatre performance” students should prepare, conduct, and record the interview with a director of a theatre performance, and then present it (the interview) online in the form of an article designed for a newspaper or magazine, having stood the formal and substantive requirements of the genre of interview. During the role game “The writing a feature article” in accordance with the topic proposed by teacher, students should identify the problem to be analyzed, determine the vector of representation of the examined problem, and write a feature article due to its genre-forming and genre-defining parameters

Introduction. Scanning electron microscopy is a modern method that allows us to study not only the morphological features of objects, but also to conduct micro-X-ray structural analysis. Currently, the method is being actively introduced into the study of biological objects (including plant ones). Sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) leaves are a non-pharmacopoeial type of medicinal plant raw materials. Further study of the morphology, anatomy and phytochemical composition of leaves can contribute to the production of new, including combined, medicines, which will require the development of a pharmacopoeia article for this medicinal plant raw material.Aim. The aim of the study was to study the morphological and anatomical features of sea buckthorn leaves by scanning electron microscopy.Materials and methods. The object of the study was dried whole leaves of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.), collected in the Voronezh region in 2021 during the period of mass fruit maturity. To carry out the study by scanning electron microscopy, pieces of leaves were previously sprayed with gold on an automatic spraying unit Q150R ES (Quorum Technologies Ltd., United Kingdom) to increase conductivity. Micrographs were obtained using an electron microscope JSM-6510LV (JEOL Ltd., Japan).Results and their discussion. The morphology and some features of the anatomical structure of sea buckthorn leaves were studied and the main microdiagnostic signs (surface character, types of trichomes, the presence of stomata) were clarified. The content of elements (silicon, potassium, aluminum, carbon and calcium) was determined during the microrentgenostructural analysis. Micrographs of pollen grains of the plant were obtained, the presence of the element iron in them was established.Conclusion. For the first time, the method of scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphological and anatomical features of sea buckthorn leaves. The main diagnostic signs of leaves and their location have been clarified. It has been established that carbon predominates in the composition of the raw material elements, and calcium also accumulates. The accumulation of aluminum, silicon and potassium in numerous hairs densely covering the upper, and especially the lower, surfaces of the leaf blade is assumed. The morphology of the surface of pollen grains of sea buckthorn, having a spherical shape with a spiny shell, has been established. Pollen grains, in addition to carbon, are characterized by the accumulation of iron and silicon.

Introduction. Sea buckthorn – Hippophaё rhamnoides is a perennial shrub, the fruits of which are a source of carotenoids and are harvested on an industrial scale to obtain a number of drugs. Recently, not only fruits, but also other parts of the plant, such as buds, leaves, shoots and bark, are of increasing interest. It is known that sea buckthorn leaves are rich in compounds such as tannins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins (C and E). The rich composition of biologically active substances with a sufficient content of components allows us to consider leaves as a new type of medicinal plant material for the further development of various preparations based on them. In addition, the leaves are an annually renewable raw material and it is possible to harvest them on an industrial scale, since this valuable medicinal plant is cultivated everywhere in Russia. Data on the microscopic characteristics of the fruits of sea buckthorn are described in detail in the scientific literature, which cannot be said about the leaves. The scientific literature also does not describe the features of the luminescence of the tissues of the leaves of the sea buckthorn.Aim. The aim of this work was to study the possibility of using the luminescent and stereomicroscopic methods of analysis to determine the main morphological features of the leaves of the sea buckthorn.Materials and methods. Dried whole leaves of a plant of the genus Hippophaës collected in the Voronezh region were used as the object of the study. The study of microdiagnostic signs was carried out according to the State Pharmacopoeia of the XIV RF GPA.1.5.3.0003.15 «Technique of microscopic and microchemical examination of medicinal plants and herbal medicinal products». A stereomicroscopic study was carried out using a Biomed 2 microscope. The luminescence of the tissues of the sea buckthorn leaves was investigated using a luminescent microscope of the Miсromed 3 LUM brand.Results and discussion. Stereomicroscopic analysis of sea buckthorn leaves was carried out. High-resolution volumetric images were obtained in a short period of time. It was found that the characteristic microscopic features of the leaves are the presence of a large number of corymbose hairs along the upper and corymbose-stellate along the lower surfaces, including the vein and petiole (from colorless to white, yellow and dark brown). Single simple stellate hairs are rare. When removing the layer of hairs, the spongy structure of the epidermis of the leaf is visible. The carried out luminescent analysis made it possible to reveal the features of the luminescence of the tissues of the leaves of the sea buckthorn. Diagnostic luminescent features include: the most pronounced yellow glow is observed for the cells of the base of the corymbose hair; the plates that make up the corymbose hairs do not have bright fluorescence; stellate hairs do not have a glow; pronounced yellow-green fluorescence is characteristic of the leaf vein.Conclusion. For the first time, stereomicroscopic and luminescent analyzes of sea buckthorn leaves were carried out and the main morphological features of this type of medicinal plant material and their biometric characteristics were established. The carried out luminescent analysis made it possible to reveal the features of the luminescence of the tissues of the leaves of the sea buckthorn.

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