Current research aims to identify the finest phase change material container construction and tries to close the design gap for optimum photovoltaic panel thermal management. The phase change material is used as heat sink of photovoltaic panel and heat source for thermoelectric generator. The latent heat of phase change material maximizes the power generation from thermoelectric generator. The results show that the efficiency of the photovoltaic panel was enhanced by 3% and steady for ten hours. The photovoltaic panel electrical output power was enhanced by 25% under different weather conditions. The hybrid cooling system with capsules phase change material cavity shows a significant enhancement and stability in thermal system management, photovoltaic efficiency, and system output power.

PCM thermo-fluid properties are significant in the cooling process, so researchers studied many types of PCMs. The integration of PCM in the PV active cooling technique increases the efficiency of the cooling system. The current study focuses on the selection of the PCM, which is integrated as a heat source for the active device. PCM melting temperatures and latent heat control the amount of heat transferred from PV panels, which affect the PV panels' output. So, the selection of a suitable PCM with suitable characteristics will increase the cooling system's efficiency. The analysis of simulation results to optimize the best PCM characteristics found that the RT25 PCM presents maximum PV output power and minimizes PV panel temperature. Otherwise, the best PV panel performance is achieved when the PCM melting temperature is close to the ambient air temperature and the PCM solidification temperature is close to the water flow temperature.

In the last few years, several studies have analyzed and discussed previous researchers' efforts. The researcher's activities were performed to classify PV panel cooling systems. The review illustrated the effect of the cooling system on the PV panel's thermal management, PV panel efficiency, and PV panel output power. The study focuses on the review of active, passive, and hybrid cooling system applications. The effects of different PCM materials and PCM containers on the PV panel passive cooling system are investigated experimentally and numerically. PCM material simulation is difficult, so the study analyses the available simulation methods and their advantages and disadvantages. The PV panels' active cooling system is very sufficient in both thermal management and energy efficiency. The review also summarizes each cooling technique's advantages and disadvantages for optimum model design and material selection. The study discovered that combining two or more cooling systems increases system efficiency by transferring energy from one to the other.