Tomato wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici is most important and destructive disease of tomato in Maharashtra, which causes considerable losses in yield of tomato. Therefore, present studies were undertaken to test the efficacy of eight fungicides and six bioagents in vitro and ten varieties of tomato in green house against Fusarium wilt of tomato Among the eight fungicides, Mancozeb + Carbendazim (0.125 + 0.05 %) had completely checked the growth of pathogen which inhibited 100 per cent growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.

Use of fungicide is a common practice to control the disease. However, the detrimental effects require alternative measures to control the disease, which is the need of the time. The present investigation was carried out with isolation of the organism responsible for blossom blight to suggest suitable control measure in respect of fungicides, botanicals and bio-agent in controlling the blossom blight of mango. Under in vitro studies carbendenzim (0.1%) was beneficial for inhibiting the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and in botanicals, neem leaves extract at 5 per cent concentration was found to inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Thus, it was observed that the use of botanicals and fungicides was useful in controlling the disease under in vitro condition. Howto view point the article : Kolase, S.V., Kamble, T.M. and Musmade, N.A. (2014). Efficacy of different fungicides and botanicals against blossom blight of Mango caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.

The symptoms produced by the pathogen was most commonly appeared on young leaves and flower bract. Initially it shows numerous, light green to yellow spot, slightly raised appear on the upper surface of leaf. These spot become brown and necrotic with age. The maximum incidence and intensity of chrysanthemum white rust disease was observed at 25-27 0 C temperature and high relative humidity of 85-90 per cent in protected condition while in case of non protected condition no infection occurred due to high temperature and low humidity. The curative spray of propiconazole was most effective in controlling the CWR, followed by hexaconezole + mancozeb, tridemefon, captan + hexaconezol whereas, other fungicides viz., carbendazim, copper oxychloride, zineb were least effective against the chrysanthemum white rust. Among the 14 varieties screened under artificial epiphytotics in green house, no one was found to be resistant to white rust of chrysanthemum, while seven varieties were moderately resistant to CWR and these are PN-1 (29.33 %) PN-138 (30.33%), PN-6 (29.67 %), D-21 mix (25.00 %), New Dagger (30.00 %), D-No-9 (23.33%), and PN-16 (30.67 %), five were moderately susceptible. One was susceptible, and remaining one was highly susceptible to chrysanthemum white rust.How to view point the article : Barhate, B.G., Musmade, N.A. and Bahirat, J.B. (2015). Management of chrysanthemum white rust an intercepted quarantine disease for India, under green house condition. Internat. J. Plant Protec., 8(1) : 134-137.

The present investigations were carried out with collection of diseased samples, isolation of the organisms responsible for post harvest spoilage, their pathogenicity, symptomatology and morphological characters in order to suggest suitable control measures in respect of yeast as a bioagent and garlic extract as a botanical in controlling post harvest fungal diseases of mango and papaya. The causal organisms was isolated from infected fruits and recorded association of four fungal pathogens viz., Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Alternaria alternata, and Rhizopus stolonifer. The pathogenicity of all pathogens was proved by artificial inoculation method. The conidial size of A. niger, A. alternata, , C. gloeosporioides, and R. stolonifer measured as 4.4 µm, 42.47 x 16.37 µm, 9.50-18.56 x 2.68-6.72 µm and 125 x 294.1 µm in size (average), respectively. Use of 5 per cent yeast, (Eremothecium cymbalariae) was found effective against Aspregillus niger and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides .1 per cent garlic extract was found effective against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria alternata, but not much effective against Alternaria alternata on papaya fruits. Both yeast and garlic extract increases shelf-life and market quality of fruits, with increase in glossiness of fruits. How to view point the article : Shinde, R.P., Barhate, B.G. and Musmade, N.A. (2016). In vivo efficacy of garlic extract and yeast for the control of post harvest diseases of mango and papaya.

Freshly prepared 1 per cent garlic extract and 5 per cent yeast solution were tested against Penicillium digitatum causing fruit rot (green mold ) of sweet orange both under in vitro and in vivo. 1 per cent garlic extract gives 15.7 per cent control and 5 per cent yeast gives 15 per cent control against Penicillium digitatum. Artificially inoculated fruits treated with 1 per cent G. E. were observed in good condition upto 35 days and 5 per cent yeast treated citrus fruits upto 45 days. Use of garlic extract and yeast maintains the quality of citrus fruits, prolonged the shelf-life and delayed the rottenness presence on fruits. Penicillium digitatum could grow between temperature ranges of 20 0 C to 45 0 C, however, optimum temperature was 27 ± 1 0 C at which growth and sporulation of the fungus was maximum.