The paper presents the assessment results of occupational risk associated with exposure to industrial aerosols, according to hygienic and clinical criteria of workers in metallurgical production modernized sections. Occupational risk, depending on the working conditions in the professions studied, is categorized from small to very high one. In most cases the pneumoconiosis real risk is comparable to the expected when comparing the working conditions class on dust loads and the occupational diseases index. The aerosols impact significantly increased the developing risk of general somatic pathology of respiratory organs, skin, visual and auditory analyzers, musculoskeletal, urogenital, endocrine, reproductive, nervous systems, digestive systems, blood circulation, and blood disorders. There is a weak and medium degree of connection of general somatic morbidity with working conditions.

The paper analyzes the results chronic disease prevalence in metallurgical workers based on the results of the periodic medical examinations over 1998-2015. A significant increase in chronic disease prevalence was observed (1.29 times on the average): from 70.1 % in 1998 to 90.5 % in 2015 with eye disorders accounting for the 3.6-fold increase, chronic circulatory system diseases accounting for the 1.5-fold increase, diseases of the nervous system accounting for the 2.9-fold increase in prevalence. It that prevalence of respiratory diseases has also been observed to decrease by 1.4 times, the prevalence rate of diseases of the digestive system decreased by 1.6 times, anemias rate decreased by 2.1 times, gynecological diseases rate decreased 1.2 times.

The paper presents results of occupational risk assessment connected with effect of the cooling microclimate at workers of a range of professions of modernised sites of metallurgical manufacture. Occupational risk depending on working conditions is categorized from negligible to high one. Impact of reduced air temperature authentically raised risk of development pathologies of respiratory organs, systems of blood circulation, digestion, a skin, visual and acoustical analyzers, musculoskeletal, urogenital and blood disorder pathology.

Relevance. Noise is the most common harmful factor in the production of titanium alloys. The aim of the study is to identify age and gender features of the formation of general somatic morbidity associated with the impact of industrial noise at a large metallurgical enterprise. Scope and methods. The study compared the prevalence of chronic pathology of 4681 people who have contact with noise above 80 dBA, and those who are not exposed to noise using the methodology of occupational risk analysis of the Research Institute of Occupational Medicine. academician N. F. Izmerov according to the results of a periodic medical examination The results. The formation of general somatic pathology of many systems of the body under the influence of industrial noise occurs from the first years of operation. An increased risk of developing ear pathology was identified with work experience of more than 7 years. Men under the influence of noise had a significantly higher prevalence of diseases of the ear and digestive organs than women, with higher risks compared to those who were not exposed to noise and a medium to high relationship with working conditions. Conclusion. The revealed features of the formation of general somatic pathology under the influence of industrial noise allow us to recommend the introduction of health and rehabilitation programs from the first years of working in noise, even during the period of adaptation of young workers to the production environment.

Introduction. The growth of environmentally caused respiratory diseases is an urgent problem of respiratory medicine. The Sverdlovsk region is a large diversified industrial center, which determines the high level of dust pathology in the region. At the same time, many questions of nosological verification of dusty lung lesions remain insufficiently studied.The aim of the study is to determine the structure of dust pathology and to develop criteria for morphological diagnosis of dust lesions of the respiratory organs on the material of lung resections in tumors.Materials and methods. The work is based on the study of the pathomorphology of dust lesions of the respiratory organs in 315 cases of resections of the lungs and intra-thoracic lymph nodes in patients with primary lung cancer operated in the Thoracic Surgery Clinic of the Sverdlovsk regional anti-tuberculosis dispensary. Macroscopic and histological examination of the surgical material of the lungs and lymph nodes was carried out; polarizing microscopy was performed in all cases to identify anisotropic structures in dust clusters. In complex cases of expert evaluation, the most effective and reliable method scanning electron microscopy with x-ray spectral microanalysis-was used to study the elemental composition of dust in lung and lymph node tissue.Results. Dust lesions of the respiratory organs were detected in almost all cases and are represented by non-professional dustchanges associated with smoking, household anthracoconiosis and dust lesions of a professional nature (pneumoconiosis). The frequency of dust lesions is determined and the criteria for morphological diagnostics of household and professional dust lesions are formulated. It is shown that in most cases, when examining surgical material for lung cancer, signs of “combined dusting” are detected, including morphological manifestations of pneumoconiosis of professional and household nature. Pneumoconiosis of a professional nature was detected in 34 (10.8%) cases in the presence of the corresponding dust experience in the history. On the resection material found morphological signs of silicosis and anthracosilicosis (5 cases, 1.6%), electric welder pneumoconiosis (13 cases, 4.2%), bauxite pneumoconiosis (8 cases, 2.5%), pneumoconiosis caused by titanium dust (2 cases, 0.6%), pneumoconiosis caused by exposure to mixed dust (6 cases, 1.9%) were found on the resection material. Asbestos-associated lesions were morphologically determined in 3 cases (2.2%). Attention is drawn to the relatively high frequency of bauxite pneumoconiosis, whose morphological criteria for diagnosis, including color features of anisotropy, are presented almost for the first time.Conclusions. The “Algorithm of morphological diagnostics of dust lesions of the respiratory organs in lung tumors” has been developed. It should be emphasized that the morphological of pneumoconiosis requires clinical and radiological comparisons and mandatory confirmation by professional pathologists. Thus, the diagnosis of dust pathology of the lungs according to resections should be the result of joint multidisciplinary work of doctors of various specialties.